Full text of "German Tribune Supplement , 1981, Germany, English"

See other formats

)

■

Nowhere else in the world fs the courtyards, gardens, wine-cellars,
range of hotels, the hospitality so swimming pools. Hotels of glass
varied, so elegant, so pleasant as In and concrete and alr-conditloned
Germany. You can stay in medieval throughout. Just as you're used to
surroundings or in tomorrow’s In New York or Toklo or Mexico
world of the year 2000, whichever City. Hotels for business people,
you please. Hotel after hotel - gourmets, tourists, for the romantl-
hotels with ’‘stars" and "golden cally Inclined and for those In love,
keys"; with halftimbered frames, Nowhere else In the world Is the
castle wails, towers. Romantic range of hospitality so varied.

«n, 20 September 1981
jethYear • No: 1005 ■ By air

A WEEKLY REVIEW

o' Jorillv

ExGERM AN PRESS

C 20725 C
ISSN 0016-8858

.1 I

: Haig keeps flag flying

! . -■ i 1 " ; ••

[despite demonstration!

t of State Haig's visit to West
may have gone gratifyingly
to plan. He may have reiter-
uaiantees for the city. Thpre
t>een no violence at the anti-
nstration itself.

a is; no getting away from the
nature of the anti-American
n unaccompanied his visit
Kill remain a black mark in the
Bfy of the city that a high-ranking
Kremment official, representing one
Kojin's protecting powers, had to be
Ed direct contact with the people on
Ent of a politically irresponsible and
Efr demonstration.

Electing the visitor from a minority
i tad manoeuvred itself into an un-
fc position was one way of dealing
I the situation.

Dot this time it would have been bet-
lib hold a pro-American rally and
h lit Haig that the people of Berlin
Ittitair&tefuh

Ip Berliner who is old enough
Im mber tan possibly forget that the
Btricans launched the airlift when
■untried to starve the city into sur-

Ur .

Wit

[pAmericans were also to the fore
ng the Western powers whenever
loess was called for in countering
■chief by Moscow and East Berlin. •
|hey were largely responsible for en-
Pgi'that West Berlin retained its
pm.

Ik Haig said in Berlin that in defend-
n democracy America was also defend-

PUUlHlllllllUlllllI 111 IlHllllIl II I III 111 lllll I 111 11IU

IN THIS ISSUE

I '■ . i < i • , »

jjU) AFFAIRS ■' 'PagB 2

ha unacceptable consequences of h |
USwithdrhwal frbm Europe : '■ 11

i "f _ .. t ' , , t .

WTICS’ »: .. ■ Pa0Bi. 4

IPD dilemma Is how to handle.'.;

'hapeace movement ! ■

JJIN RADIO SHOW ... - 7

sound on TV full
Impossibilities, but.. .

against Mr Haig in US day-to-day pbll-
tics.

US opinion has lately taken to react-
ing extremely sensitively to anything
that could even' remotely be interpreted
as anti-American in trend.

So one cannot, at least, rule out the
possibility of the Berlin demonstration
strengthening the hand of political
forces in Washington that favour a US
withdrawal from Europe.

There is certainly a powerful lobby in
support of at least thinning out the US
military presence in Berlin and the Fe-
deral Republic of Germany.

The circumstances that accompanied
Secretary Haig’s Berlin visit In no way
detracted from its substantial political
importance.

He said Berlin was a cornerstone of
the US commitment in Europe and not
only reaffirmed US government pledges
on Berlin but also genuinely linked the
fate of the city with the freedom of the
Western world. ■ s

The demonstrative and direct inclu-
sion of Bonn Foreign Minister Genscher
in the programme of Mr Haig's Berlin
visit likewise testified in no uncertain
terms to Washington's determination to
stress the ties between Berlin and the
Federal Republic. 1 ‘

America is thus keen to reaffirm these
ties and has nb intention of allowing
them either to be Undermined or called
Into question.

Mr Haig also stressed US readiness to
enter into arms control talks with the
Soviet' Union, thereby reiterating Ameri-
ca’s commitment .to the, December 1979
twofold Natcj .resolution. ■ . r <■

• . Nato, it will . be recalled, ruled that a
military balance 1 was essential if disar-
' . Continued on page 2

• ___ “L ...

- 1 _ - -

■ m.** ’

'If*: .

L mm m

■ I ; 4 U* Suv: ■ .:i ■ maam

Secretary of State Haig In West Berlin flanked by Bonn Foreign Minister Hms-Dletrloh
Genscher (left) and the city's mayor, Richard von Welzsficker. (Photo-.dp.)

Schmidt

plenty to talk about

9 m

T alks between a Bonn Chancellor
and an Italian prime minister are
often given disparaging references.

•This month during- Helmut Schmidt’s
visit to Rome, that sort. of comment was
quite Inappropriate. 1

The international economic crisis, the
heated arms debate and the tense situa-
tion in -the Mediterranean . would alone
have sufficed to ensure a fuU agenda. ■
i Since there i were no points at issue
between Bonn and Rome Helmut
Schmidt took the opportunity of 'his
visit td • Italy to give Washington a piece
of his mind. ,1 ' 11

H * 1

Ik tight to demonstrate -r- an art
that should" have shamed his

A •raisins to. be ; seen* however, whiet-
• US public bplnidh;' After' seeing ,foo*
f f the demonstration on, TV, shared
f Secretary of Stott’s view' of the"Situaf

P* Ihe journalists accompanying Mf
P wcceed ,ih ichssiiritig Ambrica that
P 1 minority took to the streets; whe^
r ‘k majority ,of Berliners ; still peajise

1 general' high" of; relief breathed
the security ipeasures proved'-tQ
^W js hb guarantee, , as to -:fhe
^knces of the ' demonstration

.’ . .. .4 |- • . ... Ps ■ 1 *■ 1

jA ttlU!

[^55, Prime Minli^Tci'lovannl

ff/l'i"' 1 ' * ■" 4,J ' |* in- 7 Kku ■jiSK. 1 -l T *

v »»"•«•» •■•• • -«.i •*»*•.

He told Mr Reagan more clearly than
ever before that from the start he had
not felt the manufacture of the neutron
bomb was desirable at this stage.

Unfortunately neither he nor other US
allies were asked for their views on the

subject. , , ,

With an amazingly straightforward

comment in the Italian political context
the Chancellor’s host, Premier Govanni
Spadolini, lent' Herr Schmidt support by
saying the United ' Stptfes had ; merely
taken a national !deckion..; f,k! • - '

• The decision to go 1 ahead and ‘man-
ufacture the neutron device 1 cpuld not be
taken to imply ^stationing in any Eu-
ropean country. " [ • ! : '

Sifcribr Spadolini; : th^flrst-ppst-war
Italian Prime? Minister" who has rtdt been
a Christian Democrat (he:is a-'Republl-
cahX' did rtot find , it difficult to speak
out in' support of his visitor. f ‘

' 1 The : decision on stationing Cruise
missiles in SicUy has given him moire
than enough domestic trouble; he would
prefer riot to add to it 1 by' an attihide
that coidd bb defcmed too jprb- American.

• Above all, Italy sees f 'a prospect of
Rome and Bonn coming, much closer
together in the near • future, given the
end of Herr Schmldtis close linka witb
M.Glscard d’Estaing.

Italian politicians have viewed vdth
unmistakable jealousy since the days of
Konrad- Adenauer . the. special relation-
ship between Germany and France. ,

. 1 They now ’ see; a possibility, of Italy
taking over the i position- vacated - by
France,, especially ; as* President 'MUterr
rand; has made, approaches to her in Lon-
j donon armsisaucs. i. ■

i' With their 'keen sense of symbolism
the 'Italics* are* hbw noting that It canr
not tieMbng before that Channel tifluMl
links Britain' and Ffahcd.; i i n v

kilndiohiu.lS Sspltmtoar I »■ 1)

■ 4 vii 4 J-5- •^ll*4 , - , 5 >J

" #

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

WORLD AFFAIRS

The unacceptable consequences of a

T reaties fade, like roses and girls, was
how General de Gaulle lyrically ex-
plained his decision to set up France’s
force de frappe.

He did not believe Europe would al-
ways be able to rely on the US nuclear
shield.

He also felt the United States would
be unlikely for all time to maintain an
entire army in France’s operational gla-
cis, the Federal Republic of Germany.

Historical experience made this seem
utterly improbable, which was why he
did not expect Nato last. So France logi-
cally chose to go its own way in classical
armaments, as In spheres.

Has reality disproved de Gaulle and
his mistrust? The Americans continue to
maintain a military presence in Europe
and President Reagan has; indirectly,
even offered to reinforce Europe’s nuc-
lear defences.

The neutron bomb is to be manufac-
tured in view of European security re-
quirements. So the North Atlantic treaty
has not faded — not yet, at any rate.

America’s Nato allies in Europe are
making it difficult fot the United States
to fulfil its pact obligations.

In Scandinavia the Danes and Norwe-
gians are toying with the idea of a nuc-
lear-free zone in Northern Europe pro-
posed by the Soviet Union.

Belgium, Holland and, some way .be-
hind, the Federal Republic of '.Germany,
are coming up with one reason after
another for stalling on the military side
of the twofold Nato missile modernisa-
tion resolution.

In its rejection of the neutron bomb
Bonn leads the Held of Nato opponents
of current US military policy initiatives.

What If the powers that be In Well-
ington were to grow tired of backing a
Europe that does not want to b? .defend-
ed by the United State??

, Governments are not,, of course, .sud-
denly Insulted if their, decisions come , in
for criticism. Plain speal^ing, is part and
parcel of an alliance of democratic coun-
tries. ; *

A military withdrawal from Europe by
the United Slates would, moreover; -be
an event of historic importance; deci-
sions of this kind are not taken, over-
night. .

. Yet puropc does seem .to Have forgot-
ten there has always been a latent, ten-
dency. in the. United States to ppll out of
Europe . ... ;'. m . f

■ i For years, it was hqrd.iyrork .warping
off. the attacks of Senator Mike Mans-
field, who ca]|ed, with astounding obsti-
nacy for the. withdrawal of several, US
divisions. ; , ( m . (

. Bqnn ;has had to pay many an extra
dollar to. ensure the ppqtinued presence

Continued from. page 1

mament and arms'- control were' lo be
equally balanced between -East and Wesb
But this fresh sign to Moscow of US
readiness to talk is worth; noting at pre-
sent because Mr 'Haig at the same time
accused the Soviet Union bnd its: allies
of using poison gas in South-East -Asia. ..

• If these allegations^ were substantiated
the. Soviet. Union, would be shown ,.tp
have breached one of the most longs-
tanding arms control agreements,- :

(Nonfwnt Zcttung, 14 September 19^1)

; - . />

of operational US units. JErtQrmqfls j
amounts were spent on’.arms
in the United States just * to. keep ^ US ^
forces In Germany. -i«v

Considerable diplomatic skill bad '
time and again to be deployed to ward
off bids by US military pundits to have
the forward defence line moved further
back.

This all seems to have been consigned
to oblivion. It is assumed a. matter of
course that the Reagan administration
will not review its Atlantic policy.

The stage has even been reached at
which US goodwill to reinforce forward
defences is no longer honoured.

US Army C-in-C General Meyer has
suggested transferring east of the Rhine
the US division stationed In the Bad
Kreuznach and Mannheim region.

The Bonn government has only half-
heartedly taken up the suggestion, partly
because of cost.

C an ideologies be imported? The Left
has never had difficulties with the
import-export trade in doctrines, as {he
worldwide export of the French En-
lightenment stows.

Admittedly, many ideas of the French
Revolution were exported on the point
of Napoleon’s bayonets.

Then there is the march of Marxism
from Germany via Russia gnjl . China. io .
the Third World.

But can right-wing theories be
multinationalised? To be more precise
and to the point, have America's neo-
conservatives after their striking No-
vember 1980 success at the polls a les-
son to teach their counterparts in the
Federal Republic of Germany?

Do US neo-consefvatives have a secret
that will prove equally effective for the
German ' Christian Democrats, condemn-
ed to the Opposition benches in Bonn
for the past 12 years? . .

>The Konrad Adenauer Foundation, an
organisation closely linked to the Chris-
tian Democrats,- hast just, held a kind of
bilateral .market research .gathering in

Bonn , .

Politicians, gurus and academics .came
in substantial 1 numbers from both sides
of the Atlantic.

The Germans were led by Helmut
Kohl, Kurt Biedenkopf and Walther
Leisler Kiep, the Americans by Richard
Allen, President Reagan’s security advi-
ser, and neo-conservative standard-bea-
rers such as Irving Kristol and Norman
Podhoretz.

They failed to arrive at a joint con-
cept. Despite ideological sympathies,
conditions in the two countries vary too
widely. Even intellectual soulmates are
botirid to admit that America and Eu-
rope have drifted apart in recent years.

Besides, mutual soundings soon show-
ed that American neo* conservatives are
not really conservative and German con-
servatives art not really neo.

By virtue of a startling paradox the
US conservatives share * sente of being
altogether revolutionary. After -Mr Rea-
gan’s landslide victory at the polls they

no longer saw themselves as a warlike
sect .

.Instead; .they consider thenualvea-

But/ the main reason is that it is
nqt in keeping with the Ostpolitik envi-
saged by left-wing Social Democrats.

, -Yet the forward transfer of US bri-
gades would not only boost the Nato
front’s operational mobility. It would
also be a strategical element in stabilis-
ing the entire pact

There could hardly be a more convin-
cing proof of US determination to de-
fend. Europe from well to the fore.

It would show the Soviet Union that
the US Seventh Army and its USAF
support and their families are voluntarily
prepared to enlarge on their role as, so
to speak, hostages in Germany.

Washington could hardly demonstrate
more clearly that it is linking destiny
with that of the Germans. Yet squabbles
are the result, not appreciation.

In terms of psychological strategy Eu-
rope lacks sensitivity in dealing with the
United States.

thenpelvea

Reagan’s not a
doctrine
for export

What they want is not a realignment
but a -redistribution of power: from state
to society, from institutions to indivi-
duals, from the Federal government to
state governments.

And they want action, not peace and
quiet, as one of their prophets put it.
What German conservative could say
that of. either himself, or his party?

Maybe America does have thB edge
over Europe in, that tradition and rcvolu-
tiqft have never been irreconcilably op-
posed to each, other In the New World.

The War of Independence was not a
Jacobin uprising against Britain but a
war oVer'accrued rights.

The. founding fathers built their New
Jerusalem' 1 as a revolutionary structure,
yet to the city of their ancestors.

And to this day their descendants feel
sure such'acts of creation! can be repeat-
ed every four or eight years, be the
banner that of President Kennedy’s New
Frontier, President Johnson’s New So-
ciety or President Reagan’s New Begin-
ning.

As for the Germans, they have made
failures of any revolutions they may
liave aimed at, yet in this century alone
they have been through more revolu-
tions than other nations have ever
experienced.

There has been the transition from
Wilhelminian Germany to Weimar and
from Hitler to Bonn (and East Berlin).
There, have also been two currency “re-
forms” that have thoroughly shaken the
social set-up.

In Germany, too many systems have
gone with the wind. Small wonder next
to.no-bne (be they moderate left- on
moderate right-wingers) wants toqver-
uptet the current apple cart!

■ German politicians of- a conservative
pertuasjqn, be they neb or pal^eo, CDU
or : SPD, " envisage change as meaning
that alrfiosf: everything remains the why. It

ove ? th* moloch' ef' the is. - 1

f* te bcert M fbV 1 ’ They jjitoh liberalism, biitwitH a .fair

tne past 40 years. amount of benevolenCtaterventlori;' the

20 Stptembcr 1981 .*!,„£ - 20 September 1981

Britain la an wceptta. ^
shows strategic Understandiiit to
more clearly than the Gemum &
gians or the Dutch and th 7S1
the consequences that would *
the United States were to
drawal. 9i]

Even a partial withdrawal of %
such as the transfer of divisions c
force squadrons to Britain « h
would would plunge the coma;
defence system in Europe into fare
France’s military border wouldl

_ t Xl. l.l ..

ME AFFAIRS

holding coalition

together prevail

defence system in Europe intotaff 1 “ lten J a Wtan ?L.nt, for neit
Fiance's mUta, Her tSf' arrangementS f ° r “*
at the Rhine, with the Fedenl sympt oms of an

eis function. n ° l0 " 8ef Th ! d TeK* n£

Britain would forfeit Its mtiifcF ta "i ^Ser does - yet^'
cis in the North Atlantic, «ncelfep D ^ ^ t h e weaker position
W f°KT^ bC y 1 defensible after the^ . n on j y gta y \ n power with
)f Natos Central European front^ p of the FDP< The latter has the

. ^!L W ° U d h joining Uie CDU/CSU, where

land wide open and in the foiebEx wel come

the Soviet line of aerial attack, Liberals’ trump card

-As for the Federal Republic if I „ me against the SPD.
many and the Benelux county t ^ dearly in evidence in ttie
would be defenceless and as tug-of-war over social security
to political blackmail as Finland. r

Is this just a macabre vision! HI
in our power to prevent it frtmta

I -a l.

Is this just a macabre vision! H l not budgetary details but the

i our power to prevent it ftostaLe of trend in social policy” as

ig stark reality, uv«Jiimed by Foreign Minister Hans-

„ /TZ Genscher and Economic Affaire

(FrinkfUrtarAllttiuiMyC - - — -

Ivocate the market economy,
il free-market economy.

. . am . m . <1 . _

„ . „ . a . ■UlVU —

Count Lambsdorff (both FDP)
fbrought the coalition to the brink.

1 1 fc e implementation of the Liberals’

- L would have meant no more and no
vocate the market economy, , heSociaI Democrats abandon-

il free-market economy. Ig* cree d an d dismantling the wel-
Above all, they must live

ical experiences that differ haAg cyen chancellor Helmut Schmidt
their fellow-conservatives .acssl ^ somew } 1 at underdeveloped So-

lantic. Democratic heart could have agreed

In the wake of the second uf^

are* War, lasting from 1914 • jm* m dc was exactly along the line
ey (in keeping with C^Jitre tlie FDP demanded the introduc-
d, indeed, with most c f -‘mo^toriuin days" for the

me to appreciate how happy tofci/td payment of wages in case of
in a comer backed by US wbat the FDP considered neces-

- . — m Mvuwviuiiiv itwwik ^

In the wake of the second

are* War, lasting from 1914 tolfth mc t was exactly along the line
ey (in keeping with fte FDP demanded the introduc-

ed indeed, with most £u«^4. c ( ’‘mo^toriuin days" for the
me to appreciate how happy tofci/td payment of wages in case of
in a comer backed by US sfcpajg ^bat the FDP considered neces-
That was why the Chiistiaii)ffl^ ffl( j possible was beyond the thres-
i hosts of the Bonn frtpjBkrtkeSPD.
onded with embarrassment io that point, the Free Democrats
dilation to the intematioai| »on just about every issue: the

' afan employment programme was

i M tiiA tiAolfU ct/efom

tiuy sentiment of US

KWllMIklvaa* — ■ — — « 4 l kfltyiv^llivilb J**^'D*—

s. Mst cuts * n ** ie health system

‘hey were even less elated JW L J| at the expense of the pa-

nid nnt wiliAiaK h rtf rmlv 4 Ua wbomiftpists.

ney were even n^ae at tne expense or xnc pa-

sts Bet about not only rather than the pharmacists,

scs of the now American insurance companies and doctors,

also encouraging the GJ"! increases were shunted off to such
iv signs of greater natlonuip 1 kocoous Sectors as tobacco, liquor and
lad the Americans ^o^rS^Sne while child allowances for

IHM P I- . -

ction German nationalism '
y took? Both under Kalwrj
in the Weimar Republic »

ftous Sectors as tobacco, liquor and
npagne while child allowances for
Koond and every subsequent child
'pared down.

’Mi SPD resistance to touching upon

Mai. i j _ #•. .i 1 1 m + U a

ill Ulo TTvlIllUl — «l 11*313101 Kit# IU WWW — g

ist the WesL . , JP 'oyment benefits flagged in the

eo-conservatism is thus iwviot the FDP’s unyielding stand,
ig export lino. Like a H v J nt -J»A the Social Democrats' Vrere not

niue in onm Midtdiv sn the

iiW3. ,i. MUJ caoinci uctiSiuna

maid Reagan's Ideology fellow party members '

rt. America just happens ™ Jp i^ ms on W hi c h the FDP
t. ... t 0 prevail, the Free E

in ihe knbwledge that 1

ng export lino. Like 8,1 Social Democrats' Vrere not

servatism since the French ^*Tr;ady to give in completely, so the
i it- is not a universally sa \~L|* was shelved,
e but a reaction, and a top SPD* politicians, Headed by

:t1y specific historic events W ehner and WUly Biandt, tried
ences. the cabinet decisions palatable

onald Reagan’s ideology _* Mb, fellow party members by listing
ort. America just hapF 6nS ^jP ferns on which the FDP was not
nt. ■ J telP ed t0 Prevail, the Free Democrats

:MKi:.roi»^H ,:U.»Pd ftil in ihe knbwledge that they were

" ' 1 t . M that wagged the dog.

utltn ^ toother side to this coin:

ttlJE .V^ernwil Wi |FbP wai not be able, to repeat the

Wtahw: FrMriph certainly not with the SPD.

dissatisfaction ‘ among , Social

2=t SZi. v.rbg 0 «bH * ' bodi ^ ran^ng .-from^tljp

mbworarff a Jfwwi n^ 1 ,^i ,,,, i|iP^ntary parity ; all the way tpiSPP
Nwtwng ratm im No. is - . \ /jT 1 *apters..h|s reached its chmax. ; .

iwiBubBoriptionDMse, graasrootsi feeling is that they ‘are

^riling with .the FDP but are being
^ by it: They would shed no tear
breakdown of- the coalition seven
r^J^l 'heant manning the 1 opposition

SPD leadership sees It diff©-
G(1 ^mment .responsibility has a

f s r thc m

tft^*H»yviouririTf^~ i M | • , i r 0,1 put into ‘action at 1 'least some

Social Democratic ideas; and it is their *
only stick with which to discipline un-
ruly comrades who are .determined to *

run their heads against the coalition , wall
on. issues ranging from security to eco- &

nomic policy. j.

In fact, the SPD has even dug up the f
old spectre of a Kohl-Strauss govern-
ment that would put the axe: to the so-

cial security system. . :

And as if this were not enough, the ^
conservatives would also mean an ]

“about-face in our divided Germany's
foreign and security policy.” (Wehner). ,

The SPD thus still has reason to per-
mit itself to be blackmailed by the Free
Democrats.

But the Liberals had an opportunity
during the budget tug-of-war to go
beyond the point that marks the abso-
lute limit for the SPD. ■

The Social Democrats were deter-
mined not to touch upon sick pay be-
cause that is the sort of measure that
would have made the trade unions man
the barricades. The Free Democrats
backpedalled. This shows that:

• The FDP still prefers this coalition
to a smoother one with the conservatives.

• The reason: the party believes that
this is a more popular stance with the
electorate.

• The coalition will not fall simply be-
cause the FDP sticks to its guns - as
long as there is no major shift in electo

^teTresult, it is not only Genscher
who is prepared to continue the coali-
tion until 1984. .

Wehnefs bogeyman, Economic Ai-

, fairs Minister Count Lambsdorff. is

another. „

i Though Lambsdorff seems more pre-

i pared to permit the coalition to founder

- In specific issues than does Genscher,

, who puts more stock by tactical moves

on behalf of his party, the economic af-

i fairs minister knows that .his sUf would

i be less brilliant in a Kohl-Genschcr ca-

d ^t is part of Genschefs tactics to pre-
vent th^ impression tjiat it ^ the Free
n Democrats who opted out of toe eoalN
e tion with the SPD because that would

cause considerable turbulence in his own

>t n&rty shbuld the contingency arise.
ie He was given a foretaste of this when

TRIBUNE

his party’s left wing
threatened to with-
hold their loyalty
from him should
the Bonn coalition
break up due to
FDP. As Genscher
sees it, it must |
be clearly visible
for all that the
responsibility for
a break up rests
solely with the
SPD. But even this
sort of tactics
is sot watertight.
For one thing, the
The FDP is in dan-
ger of overestima-
ting the extent to
which the Social
Democrats will per-
mit themselves to
be blackmailed, as
was borne out

£r=j

BlIDG

it _r

%C. r

i • '■

\ • 1 - 1

i -if

il/i-

iBhor: FrMrlph
t. , fidlor: AAmW

Bdttor; {Hmqn BurpfH-
tfrAPtoorit ."' 7 . ...Ji#

RWfwohe VbHm SST .•

burg ML TWLi 1- Tqlffi ftTT ' 1 1

rtWng rales IW No. 13 - , . ' ■ t

ral BUbBorlpIloo DM . r ^ ... ;J (; ,j , fis- -

iiLOiMMlM. DWrWitoa "
WW.lrtB.e4Q WMI

Iota 1 Which" Tffe' 1 GERMAN'

itacaHtigg

ly in oompiete

ih> -.i

was

was borne out
with the sick pay issue. Moreover, the
constant shelving of disputed issues and
the papering over of cracks in the
common policy could create a situation
in which the SPD, for internal party re-
asons, will find itself in a vortex into
which the Liberals could be drawn.

The Euromissile debate, which has
long divided the SPD and still keeps
simmering among FDP ranks despite
the party resolution of last May, could
easily prove the detonator. Therefore, a
break would have to be made before this
arises.

In any event, Genscher makes a point
of cultivating the COItcnlUnimcning
mood in Bonn. Regardless whether the
coalition weathers the lime until 1984 or
whether the split comes soon, the FDP
must at any time be in a position to
switch from one partner to another and
find the necessary party approval.

The tough horse trading over the
budget served exactly this purpose To
think of the improbable as probable
takes the wind out of the sales of the
FDP left wing opposition to a coalition

witli the conservatives.

But as long as the coalition with the
Social Democrats helps the FDP curry
favour with the voters the conservatives
might as well forget about any coalition
offer to the Liberals. .

But super tactician Genscher could
well have missed the most opportune
moment to change horses and still be
able to justify this with the party’s libe-
ral. principles. Walter Bajohr

• • tun?*' •^gKfifSS)

(Cartoon: Muasl l /Frankfurter Rundschau)

The Opposition

assesses

own

Nti

IERGER

l !«.

,, i • i

;)» ■ :'!i ! l >

(Csrtodn i -Caiides/JUialnfscJis fQ 8 !)

C riticism, control and alternatives are
the key words CDU Floor Leader
Helmut Kohl describes the way the op-
position understands its function.

The alternative in this case is a
DM\2bn budgetary saving concept, toe
details of which are still kept under
wraps by the conservatives.

Even so, the opposition has a tough
stand with its economising proposals for

the 1982 Bonn budget.

The coalition parties also believed that

it would be easy to find a compromise;
but the final outcome is known to all.

In the final analysis, no definite agree-
ment is in sight. The situation is similar
where the CDU/CSU is concerned.

The response to the package present-
ed by the CDU budgetary experts is
reminiscent of bad examples from for-
mer days. . ■

The conservatives’ claim to being a

populist party is a legacy to which it is
hard to do justice. So far, they have
come up with a great many opinions but

no uniform stand.

The middle class and small ana me-
dium business seem to favour a free rath-
er than a social market economy and
are unwilling to stop short of pruning
the social security laws just as they are
unwilling to stop short of demanding

I that some public spending be turned

over to the private sector. _ ■

And then there are the militant social

affairs committees of the CDU which
once more fear that they will become
the butt as the party’s social appendage.

In any event, the tone that prevails m
the CDU grouping around Norbert
Bilim indicates that the party, both, m
and out of parliament, will have, to
weather tough disputes before it can
come up with a cohesive recipe. ,

• Granted, it is. not easy for the. CD JJ
and CSU to come up with an austerity
concept that will bear their handwriting.

The Free Democrats — ana this, is
borne out by their- swift approval or the
cabinet-decislonsi— have every, right' to
consider themselves the -true conductors
of the Bonn orchestra- ^ * -

The conservatives now.:. have io lake

,0 ... Contlpu.Qd.W PW. 4

I' (UIWII

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

POLITICS

SPD dilemma is how to handle

the peace movement

T he Social Democrats* big problem is
deciding what to do about the
peace movement.

Deputy Bundestag Speaker Annemarie
Renger, who belongs to the SPD’s con-
servative wong, writes In the August Issue
of the Social Democratic monthly Die
(teue Gesellschaft: “Whether history re-
peats itself or not and whether people
learn from it or not is a question almost
as old as mankind.

5 “The various groupings that go under
the misleading name 'peace movement 1
provide some variations on this theme
when compared with the 'ban the bomb
movement* in the second half of the
1950s (and its fate) and when related to
the Social Democrats at the time for the
purpose of drawing conclusions for to-
day."

Despite the seemingly obvious paral-
lel, Frau Renger says, the situation has
changed because at that time the SPD
and the German Trade Union Federa-
tion (DGB) not only backed the cam-
paign but initiated it.

But then, when the Godesberg Pro-
gramme developed the long-term strate-
gy to bring about a change of power in
Bonn, both SPD and DGB left the
movement out in the cold.

But the party itself has meanwhile
changed even more than the circum-
stances: not only because it left tire Op-
position benches to form, a government
- and-waa 'Iran much more subject to the
exigencies of realities but also and above
all because, it fully adopted the very
policy which It once (and for good rea-
son) comb a tad.

Titus the SPD of today is confronted
with its own past when dealing with the
peace movement which is in no way its

own flesh and blood and which in fact
does not depend on the party either.

Many {5PD members among the party
leadership and In government are trying
to escape this painful reqlity. But the
party itself must not shirk it lest it lose
prestige and followers. ’

An attempt to cope with this deve-

i . i i i

. Continued from page 3

up positions which -will reasonably
assure them of the approval of both li-
beral and conservative voters.

This can be done, but it is doubtful
whether the CDU/GSU’s all-out charge
at the draft budget is called for;

So far, the opposition has) pinned its
hopes on a bfeakup of the Bonn coali-
tion. It has played for time and tried to
build up an image as the guardian -of ci-
tizens* interests — a guardian standing
poised and prepared to shoulder go-
vernment 1 responsibility. at- any given
moment. r

Has this hope been misplaced? The
jarring notes in connection with the al-
ternative austerity budget and the See-
mingly irrccbnollable contrast between
sharp criticism on individual issues and
ultimate decision gives rise to scepti-
cism'. ■ ■■ ■ •

We won't know whether the opposi-
tion has missed a golden opportunity or
whether it is. about to come up with- a
Shining example of quick decisions 1 until
we' are given an opportunity to edmpare
the conservative budget proposals with
those of the government. • - • i

(N Urn barge iWichrlcVrt'iil, 9 September 1981)

lopment was made recently in Bonn at
the peace forum summoned by Willy
Brandt, welcomed by Peter Glotz, thp
new, ubiquitous, eloquent and sensitive
general secretary and patiently moderated
by journalist Theo Sommer.

The alphabetical seating order put
proponents and opponents right next to
each other: Apel next to Bahr. and Bahro
next to Bastian and Baudissin.

Egon Bahr, who now deals with the
contradictions of security policy as
cleverly as he once dealt with the im-
ponderables of detente, bore the main
burden of. the 7-hour discussion.

His ten theses on security and detente
policy bore witness to the highwire act
the SPD (both party and government)
has to perform it it is. to uphold the
two-track decision and at the same time
win the 1984 election under the (self-
devised) label of a “peace party**.

Bahr advocated unity within Nato, the
upholding of the Nato decision, the es-
tablishment of a military balance
through negotiations and even the “zero
solution".

But his explanations also made it
clear that he thinks little of the chances

of success du^tirthp Soviet Union's

Implacable attitude and Washington's
striving for supremacy.

Bahr saw no alternative to the Nato
decision. But this does not mean that he
wants to follow the decision blindly and
without reservations as does the new
stite minister in the Foreign Office,
Peter Corterier, who vifews the slightest
trace 1 of criticism as treason against the
alliance and as anti-Americanism.

Thd ahalyst Bahr sees the Nato deci-
sion, which was made with reservations
but is nevertheless a fact, as follows:
“The alliance made the decision on 12

December 1979. The United States is
bouhd by the decision and should it fail
seriously to pursue its second part (ne-
gotiations with the Soviets) we would no
longer be bound by our undertaking to
permit the stationing of US missiles.

“We could abrogate this undertaking
and the United States would be free to
abandon serious negotiations. And with-
out negotiations the Soviet Union could
continue its arms build-up unchecked, as
could the United States"

The logic behind this is fascinating
and could even convince peace move-
ment representatives.

But they see this as a “bead game'* of
which they want no part.

Their main argument is that arms li-
mitation treaties like Salt I have proved
ineffectual. They make it quite clear that
they can only laugh at the contention

M ore than 100,000 people are ex- TT

pected to take part in a peace • llUff 0 T)FOl 6 SL
movement march in Bonn next month, °

FDP’s 86-year-old William Bdrm' in-
tends sending out 1,500 letters to per-
suade people to join the protest, on Oc-
tober 10.

According to the Young Socialists the
demonstration will be the biggest ever of all. political affiliations. The appeal of
in the Federal Republic of Germany. “workers, Bundeswelir officers, . Chris-
The peace movement is gaining Hans, artist?, scientists and publicists” is
strength in this country. It has 1 been directed against Western medium-range

given a boost by President Reagan's de- nuclear missiles,

dsion to go ahead with the production It was initiated oil 16 November |p80
of the neutron bomb. by 1,000, people at ^congress and |s, ac-

SPD riational executive member Erhard cording to the Bonn government, one-
Eppler put it: quite bluntly: “The next sidedly anti-Western, serving the aims of
six months will see an enormous the pro-Soviet German Communist

inarch
is planned

strengthening and growth of the peace
movement and the SPD will feel it more
than any other party.” ■ ..

The movement is making an effort to
; achieve a political breakthrough* says a
♦spokesman of the church initiative
Aktion SQhnezeichen, one of the two
; organisers of the demonstration against
the nuclear threat scheduled in Bonn
for 10 October.

The march is being backed by the
Greens (environmentalists), the \Vork
Group of Social Democratic Women,,
1 the Young Socialists, the Young Demo-
' crats, the German Conununi?t Party,
many citizens* initiatives, plus socialist,
church and trade Union groups and even
one chapter of the JOnge Union (the
young members branch of the CjfiU), ‘

Rev. Heinrich Alberfz, Erhard Epplev ’
IG Metall national committeeman
Georg Benz and futurologist Robert
Jungk will address the'ially.

These are the most important peace
initiatives in Germany: ‘

•‘The Kiefeld Appeal - which- - has- ^
been signed- by about 4 CL million people

. . As a result, SPD and the Trade Unioi
Federation (DGB) advised their mem
here not to sign the appeal. But even s(
the movement is supported by many Sc
cial Democrats, among them Bonn M
Klaus ThUsing. It also has the backin
of some trade unionists.

• The Russell Peace Foundation appea
which calls for a non-nuclear zone es
tending from Portugal to Poland, is backe
by groups throughout Europe.

• The DGB appeal for peace throug
disarmament, which is already seen i
a response by trade unions and politic:
parties to. the ever more heated peac
discussion that- was initiated by the lei

. fists. The target here is two million sif
natures to provii that 'the trade union
aite still the biggest peace movement.

; .W Many church organisations and in!
tiatives h&vp joined the peace mov<
ment, including the Catholic Pax Chris
which demands a freezing of arms t
the- level of 1980. More than 15,00
practising Protestants signed the appej
Livihg-without Arms. ■ -

• The Datteln movement Citizens ii

1005 - 20 September 1981

that should negotiation* fall * 1 .... n U ehl*s Russlands Weg zur
continue the arms bBlkHi,«iSt SLrii> (Russia’s Path to World
achieving disarmament TvS ns with a most thought-pro-
Paace movement „ „ ,

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

POLITICAL BOOKS

Peace movement spoken*, of
political and church grouping 1
that the time for unilateral dla®
had come. As they see it, tk g
Republic of Germany, which hue
ed from the ashes of a war tha G&
started and lost, must make a
for no other reason than for raise;
viva].

" writes Journalist Ruehl, who
ently assistant spokesman for the
government, has never paid any
on to wbpt went on in its east,
i was certainly the case in the
i Ages, when the Mongols brought
cinve not onlv under their

Fortes that shaped the

B i ■ . 1

Russian mentality

, • * tr

for no other reason than for nuonl^blect Slavs not only under their
vlval. Thut also forced , them into isolation. 0

The theory that the deienajL m centuries of . alien Asiaq do- ®
functions is no longer accepted JL, can scarcely be overestimated v
movement. In fact, they coiafo ^ark they made on the character
has never been proved ^laiitical system of the Russian peo- J
deterrent Ideas was ever , P

even protagonists of the Nalo JL* Russian prince? had to take orders j
concede that this is so. " knees from the Tartars; t|iey 1

For Egon Bahr, who was A on this humiliation to their own
said to be the opposition' witii \

vernment party, the alternate tf^h subordination was called for,
Nato decision was unacceptabk | outward prostration was accom- 1

But even so, he tried u A by intellectual stagnation, with '

bridge, clearly admitting his on ijrartar yqkp contrubuting , towards '

"It is possible that the SPD A* economic and cultural back- (

peace movement have mow in

that they themselves are awirtd®uatlpn from the \Vest may well
ance demands that the peace reA weighed even more heavily. Russia
be given the right to fix its s!a#Ijno idea what was going on in the
And exactly this is what fa Europe either,
movement did - in its own mt&iation and mutual mistrust were
vinci ng way. There was little ecjiKult, and they have not been over-
ground except for fear which, a pe to this very day.

Glotz put it, was evident online Russian rulers had looked to
The proponents of the Nalo tefctMtinople ever since Vladimir,
said, fear Soviet aggression od bpe of Kiev, had adopted the Greek
ponents fear nuclear destruction, fcodox faith and married a Byzantine
He failed to mention the liJlrctss, Anna,
the SPD’s fear of losin pBsfyjltai came. the time when Byzantium,
followers in the poker ganx wLd pressed by the Turkish advance,
Nato modernisation decision, loght the aid of the Pope. Russia was

Bemd C. /te&lnud and filled with hatred by this

(DautrehB the Latin heretics.

jSipwit'lFflrOrfljodox Russians the fall of the

y and Rome was God’s punishment for

' from the true faith. Moscow,

Peace and Fcodom defends & *1 centre of Russia, increasingly
5T MtonTI 1* »<> be ‘be heir to the Byzan.me

reiver, "fcn claimed to he defenders of

nL£,.l Sta faith, and not only in Russia,

uunoesiag. ,_ .„ M ,i|ani assumed the Byzantine coat of

mnwmi!!rn V to 1 ^ie 1 KrefrinPP^v 1, ‘be double-headed eagle.
rrsnlMtlnn which was nassBU^r 1 10 remain the- emblem of Tsa-

until the end. The idea of

M"» as the Third Romo was bom.
jfi tomrnrSmn them HftWP* double-headed' eagle adorns the

Sli Ste N buehl’s book on Russia’s pro-
nyiyoB of“>' P ™ to mrld -n, 0 Tsarist em-

ttatitoV sS DemS>4 bUnked with the Soviet hammer

,M PS who dto* nd im of

aw J^SSfcaf 1 the I,uu,o, h at

modemisation^4edsiofi ‘» b a derived (rom the Gieek

Ijhe movement .^ 1, and the Utin caesar. Ivan - IV.
Kurt Scharf and Pmfe^OP JL^ ta th# West „ Ivan th e Terrible.

i. TbjBIelefeld rust crowned Tsai.

,^ kftwtagSo(dJR«WfS*|k was also the first to advance

fYdunrf'fe^lsirt^lwl HE®* 1 conventional Russian boidersi To

'^b^S^thoUS^ t conquered- Tartar tad. o„t,

and rank tod file; ' . " . , ooncemed to safeguard 'his

II. • ' ' • .

The outcome is an overextensive. set
of footnotes that cannot fail to. confuse
a reader keen .to find his way around
this complex subject
Negligence on details seems to be
hard to banish entirely, from books on
Russia. The. Tsarevna is a . daughter of
the Tsar 1 and not, as Ruehl makes out,

the Tsarina. . ■ ■

Ouapenskl 'cathedrals are churches de-
dicated to the Ascension of Mary, not
her death. In the Kremlin in Moscow
there is an arsenal, not a.palace of arms.
And so on.

, In Katyn 4,143 NKVD victims were
exhumed, not about 30,000. Ruehl is
here - referring to the total number of
Polish officers whose whereabouts were
unknown.

, On military matters Ruehl, who cov-
ered Nato as a journalist and is now
spokesman for the Bonn government, is

in his element.

Russian conquests have invariably
been accompanied by missionary zeal.
One needs only to read Dostoyevsky s
jubilation about the Russian victory in
Turkestan to appreciate tins fact.

Ruehl would, however, agree that
Soviet Communists, as ideocrats, rule
out total war as a means of making
world revolutionary dreams come true.

To dominate the situation they no-
netheless set great store by demonstrat-
ing military might as a means of deter-
ring their opponents from engaging in
counter-revolutionary activities.

This brings us to the current debate
on the Soviet desire for expansion. For
400 years, Ruehl recapitulates, Tsanst
Russia sought to expand beyond its own

borders.

Power was the objective, not just ma-
terial gain. That was what distinguished
the Tsars from other rulers of their
day. The Soviet Union then retained the
Tsarist heritage and maintained It as
well as it was able. World revolution did
not come about, but did Stalin seriously

seek it?

Did Khrushchev Want to conquer the
world? Where do Mr Brezhnev's ambi-
tions lie, over and above Afghanistan?

Ruehl does not venture, far in his at-
tempt to answer these questions. While al-
lowing for intellectual continuity be-
tween Russia old aqd new, he says there

is a kind of grey zone.

Neither In the past nor in the present
can one clearly determine the borderline
between Russian desire for conquest and
convenient opportunity or the obligation
to act, between a deliberate advance and

a defensive strategy.

This is indeed usually overlooked in
assessments of Russian policy. Even
Peter the Great, whom Karl Marx saw as
being unbounden in his striving for
power, had no master plan for military

expansion.

Unmethodically lie allowed himseir
to be pushed along by developments as
he sought to lead Russia from back-
wardness to greatness and equal rights
with other European powers.

Stalin, for that matter, did not head
for the Persian Gulf and the Indian
Ocean of his own accord, as Ruehl over-
simplifies the situation.

It was Hitler who, taking the British
Empire apart at the seams, sought to
encourage his Soviet pact partner to
concentrate on this theatre rather tlian

on Europe.

Never, at any time, has there been
any such thing as a Russian Lebensraum
philosophy.

A further drawback is that Ruehl
tends too much to measures Russian
policy by Western yardsticks. He mends
to see the Kremlin and the polltbureau
as a party to manoeuvres. In so doing he
gets the emphasis wrong.

China, for instance, holds pride of
place in Soviet security thinking today.
America played the China card long be-
fore Afghanistan in Its to contain
Soviet international influence.

A policy of strength in Asia (US arms
for China, say,) will continue, not to in-
duce the Russians to scale down their
objectives In the Horn of Africa, on

Vietnam or on Cambodia.

This is barely npted by Ruehl. Maybe,
it seems reasonable to surmise, deve-
lopments in Afghanistan would have
taken a different course of there had
still been a dialogue between the super-
powers that wps worthy of. the name.

, Ruehl is keen on strategic planning of
another kind. Why, he wonders, arc the
Russians unable to intervene militarily
in the Middle East?

Might Khrushchev’s climb-down over
Cuba not have been a convenient oppor-
tunity to oust Castro’s regime?

Considerations such as these are of no
use to the reader who would like to
arrive at an orientation for the future.
Thus Ruehl’s conclusion is correspon-
dingly inadequate.

Soviet order inside and outside the
USSR remains fragile and incomplete,
which is why, he says, Soviet world
power is incomplete,

Yet it remains enough to allow “the
colossus to maintain power for a longer
i period without a perspective .**

- Reinhold Neumann-Hodilz

(Frankfurter Rundschau, S Seplember 1981)

I inp JTJUlueruwtB .A

ntivo by Social Democrtti:^

IPs vylio demand that tbO'P®

owers .get together at the 5
iblc. They also demand than*
ipdemisation (JecislcVI M
[he movement »a ,, backed ^
'urt Scharf and Professor,

The Bielefeld
y left wipg Sofia!
lato decision.

Young Socialists), It tort®
Iffhed by. several thotpandSr ,

Jj tol. 4-JAU ;: *’ 1 11

arena ana np Vj . .

State chapters ^

i Germany , are ,
ainst the prodiiction of

Woe BrtiponVMg fe'
cfc'was amopg the fifrt *9 X,
re CS(U now irittrtds.to^i
leal offensive” on ■ #

sdAmi&tioh and padfl» mj
bbilitetlon ori all $

aiy-Gbneral Edhumd SW Pj ^
The : CSU wants ; tot *

mts to Wilt over ; ^ v .
io oan be taken
In July, the CDU pa^ 'jS
titled’- -

rich resolution ^
.mand, warns

tween, [Christians, WrLSi

«sss?

i. <

i ' Vi

attracted him ;wero . the untouch-
[tthiral resources east of the Volga. . ^
the west iVari aimed to extend his
pnee to the Baltic coast, -where the
pa knights templar had: once held

But Poland and Sweden^keptihim

y» than 100 years later Peter: the
N successfully reached; thje. Baltic,
P Catherine, the. treat later- extended
F*. empire soutti ,to ljie.]b|flc|c ^
P and further west to . tbe point
r[®Prussia„Rus^ apd PhWj 1
P?partition of Poland. , . :

^®hl 6iitUne8 'thii At length,

W Oh soirees 'of varying duality. He
rjhout hlS Work* enthusiastically but
jplly has difficulty in assessing his

r^'tnaterial, ■ if

E ast Bloc watchers have for years
wondered whether and to what
extent policies are pursued for ideologic-
al reasons to the east of the Elbe.

Alternatively, are ideological tenets
today no more than mere veils to cover
up for icAIpoIitik and: power politics?

- ■ Peter Bolder in Dto Elide des idtold-
gischen Zeitalteis (The End of tin Ideo-
lbglcel Age) express* a clear viewport,

' ,! He 1?^ View? largely on. deve-
lopments and,rt»0Vfis ^ the past, but ho
Z>. includes receijf., event? in .Afghaf
Sin and Ppjaftd, making his vnAjr*
Snteted id far removed ; from

hirtoric4,theofy. |. :*, ■

■ ( “The, political iEasfcf he jays, “has for-
feited what once distinguished it from
the-restof the.worid! its

longer itnotivatesi.it: -merely leglttejjj

Revolutionary- belief ■ has been 1 petrified

into. official dogma.”

In the Wdst this may be> rated a rash
theory, but > in the East it has tamtan
out by leading politiclaris as a ' reality
nendM^uotte high-ranking < Com-
munist officials who no longer deny .that

revolutidnaryiriip^*

lost in the economic sector in Eastern

Petrification
of the
revolution

EU Sopmerlts: inimost spheres, of Ufe
hive; thef concede, slowed down to the
AvfAnt of - iri'somd 1 caies, stagnation. - ■

TZSk bTta B ^

<, ppn Befiin correspondent for west
b l H» ..giind/unfa-,Gol°gn». for more

.uSSdeS de endols weU^no^ns a

critical interpreter of Bonn Ostpohtik.

He also notes that the East Bloc’s
economic 1 system" (a truism this) can
only be kept alive by practitioners cor-
recting the Plan. : *• ‘ ; '

He concludes that “an economy sys-
tem WhicH orily furtCtions when it is
■riddled has proved a failure.” 1 '

: People in thq CPft refer' mote or less
openly <o the failure of .MatH8™-Um-

nism in theii country, sivcq

Mtoust-teninlst regime (as || ola^ns to
be) oppresses the working clpss, in

corttrkt with the theory:,,;

Besides, in poptrast- to the ideological
tenets, the superiority , of the Western
system hw long |jeen n prpven fact,, .

' : . Benda? goes even further,; Ansjysmg
the i behaviour of : leaders, in, Burt end

West, he concludes:

"Since, the 70s there has 1 not been a
Party leader in Eastern Europe whose ac-
tivities' have 1 been fundamentally moti-
vated. by ideological considerations, ♦ ■ • •

./ For years* as he puts. It, what. is. politi-
cally ■ mecessaiy has. ■ been ! .justified after
;the eventby quot&tiOi)8from Lenin, ; ? ; -
Bender's : inferences from ■ this gradual
decline of the East! Bloc, ideology .into
insignificance do. notnappear. accurate
: and convincing to quite theisame extent.
He refers to constructions Qf i thought

Lothar Ruahl: Russlands Weg zur Weh-
macht (Russia's Path to World Power),
Econ Verlflfl, Dlissatdorf and Vienna 1081,
623 pp. with maps and photos, DM64.-,

rather than forecasts. He says the ideo-
logical division of the world no longer

holds good.

Yet this does not warrant overestimat-
ing Soviet readiness to undertake neces-
sary and far-reaching compromises. The
departure from dogma in the Kremlin

has not yet been total. , ,• 1

Bender admits as much when he says
.that “in most Communist leadership all
considerations are cast to. the. wind it
comes to political survival.*; . •

He, fails . .to ■ ; dispel misgivings, that

Moscow. Plans to use its medium-mage

missiles as ,an Instrument, of blackmail.

He proposes a gradual transition to a
European, Europe that will eventually
take on the .role .of Vno longer. bging a
theatre for, - suspicious, hostile delimita-
tion of interests between Americans .ana
Russians but instead of becoming a

.bridge between them" ■ f . • < .•

- In 1981 this [proposal must be. said to
be somewhere between utopia apd hope,
hut there, can; be no gainsaying the truth
of his abortion that, not pnly Germany
but also Europe is divided. » i , .. .

Once this, is realist he wys. therigM
rivalry between the superpowers w»M>e
( seen to ncceaitate. solidarity among , Bw-
ropeans beyond bordera as an abpoitfte
essential. , ... . i i. , Axel Ostrovski ^

•i : • 1 (Kletet I'lschrlohCnif, 9 8e^embbrl9Sl)

patar Bandari Das Etlda daskteoiogtichen
Zeltaltan ** Die EuropSislarung Europas
i ijhe End r of tha >1 daoloflloak Age he

Europeanisation gf J

rkvund Siedtef/ Borlin, 272 ,pp>r

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

■ TRADE

1 I

-A

-i H-

■ ■ • ■

North-South equation

L t he '52 nations taking part in next
.' month's North-South summit hi

Mexico will enter the 'talks with more
moddsf ambitions than originally envi-
saged.

' This" is because the foreign ministers*
mfeeting'which laid, the groundwork de-
cided that 'there would be no firm agen-
da'. •' 1 " ! ' ; ’■ ' •* '

So the summit will be' little . more
than an exchange of Ideas from a- mixed
and Incomplete selection 'of countries'. ■ '
However,, it* is thought that r this will
still be 1 ' better than a genuine world
sdmniit ’ which would run the riik pf
getting bogged down in semantics.

That the summit. Is to take place at all
is. largely due to the efforts of Willy
Brandt, who was chairman of the North-
South Commission; Austria's Chancellor,
Bruho Kreisky; and Mexico's President,
Jos6 Lopez Portillo.

They have spent 18 months organis-
ing the framework.

‘The East Bloc will be conspicuously
absent because Moscow turned down the
invitation - after some hesitation.

Of the 22 nations, eight are
industrialised' (three ;EEC): Austria, Brit-
ain, .France, Japan, Sweden, the United
States; Canada and the Federal Republic
of Germany.

.Five are members of Opec: Algeria,
Mexico, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia arid Vene-
zuela. j

. - icdmstiaft rlBarigladesh,

Brazil,-; .China, Guyana; . India,. Ivory
Coast, the> Philippines, Tanzania and
Yugoslavia.

Opec and the EEC are the two pivo-
tal points of the North-South dialogue.
In fact, it was the success of the oil-
producing developing countries in the
Opec cartel In 1973/74, when they
gained the upper hand over the all-po-
werful industrial nations that brought
about the North-South dialogue in 1974.

At the time, the developing 1 nations
demanded in the UN that a New Inter-
national Economic Order be drafted in
which the industrial nations would no
longer dictate commodity prices, using
demand as a power instrument.

Ohe Of the main - Third World
demands since 1974 has been the estab-
lishment of an international fund (Sta-
bex) to stabilise commodity prices. The-
se -have a major effect on 1 the economic
position and the Standard of living of
many, though 1 far from all, developing
countries. ' ' • ! * l *■

■'Rather 1 similar to that - of the; EEC's
Common Agricultural Policy, Stabex
funds were to be used to stockpile raw
materials In times of low demand. 1
1 International agreement on the estab-
lishment .of such a fund was reached In
I9S0. ■ But the* industrial countries 1 pre-
vailed inasmuch as it was agreed 1 that fbr
the 20* or so raw materials included' in
Mid system international agreements be-
tween buyer and supplier countries
Would Have to be- negotiated. ■•»;:•
The EECs key role “in the : North-
South dialogue is ' fourfold, it rests on
tile 1973 'LoiiiA Convention -'(originally
based h on the association agreements
with tl\e. former cplonips. of , ; the initial
EEC countries and later extended to in-
cliide i almost all developing nations .of
the Pacific, Black: Africa and the- Carib-
bean) <Which for-the first time provided
for a i stabilisation' fund Tor the raw ma-
ferfels rixporteamings oMheACPcoun-

tries coupled with development aid and
sweeping trade preferences.

The EEC also provides financial aid
and ' trade preferences for Mediterranean
countries ranging from Morocco to Jor-
dan.' ,

This comprehensive network of
agreements (which even include provi-
sions on investment protection and re-
gular conferences for the resolution of
conflicts) also- encompasses, such oil;
producing countries as Nigeria and Al-
geria but the emphasis is bn the 33 least
.developed coupbies (Lt)Cs).

forty per cent of the exports of these
LDCs goes to the EEC, which also pro-
vides. 35 per cent of their imports and
50 per cent of their development aid.

Apart from, firm agreements, trade
preferences . and development aid, the
importance of this EEC policy lies in its
being unencumbered by ideology.

Ethiopia is treated like any other
Lorn 6 partner, despite Its close ties with
the Soviet Union. In other words,' it re-
ceives. the same treatment as pro-Wes-
tern Senegal.

It is in keeping with this policy that
changes of regime (as happened in
Chad, Somalia and some other countries)
therefore in no way affect the position
of the nation concerned.

US President Ronald Reagan now en-
visages a similar model for the Carib-
bean countries (almost all of which are
part 1 of .tHoXomfc CanvetitfohV? '■ i
. But if this were to be realised be
would have to depart from his principle
of differentiating between “good” (pro-
Western) and “evil” (pro-Easrtem) deve-
loping countries.

The very fact, however, that Washing-
ton is contemplating such a move arid

that Japan recently concluded a coopera-
tion agreement with South Korea along
the lines of the EEC Mediterranean
agreement bears witness to the pressure
that emanates from the EEC on the
other major industrial powers.

Japan, the Community’s powerful in-
dustrial competitor, has long evaded pro-
viding development aid — as opposed to
poor China, whose development aid,
though small In terms of money, has
gained it considerable influence, at Mos-
cow's expense, especially in Africa;

It is doubtful whether the East Bloc
will be able to stay aloof from the
North-South dialogue in the lortg> run. -
Its nail-military development aid lags
far behind the aid provided by the
democratic countries of Europe and one-
sidedly favours the socalled socialist de-
veloping countries.' ■ ' '

Moscow's long hesitation before turn-
ing-down the invitation to the Cancun
summit seems ■ to indicate that the
Kremlin - leaders are having second
thoughts. ' 1 : ■ ' ■ '

But there is yet another reason for the
EECs key role. 'Some EEC governments,
above ail Bonn, were originally opposed
to Third World demands for a New In-
ternational Economic- Order and were
not prepared to meet them even a small
part of the way.

They long underestimated the cohe-
sion Of the developing countries and the
unity that existed between the rich Opec
nations and the poor LDCs. They also
underestimated the solidarity between
Lomb partners, whose heeds were sat-
isfied, and the other Third World coun-
tries.

It was above all former Economic Af-
fairs Minister Hans Friderichs and his
successor and fellow Free Democrat
Count Lambsdorff -who 1 never tired of
telling -international conferences- that
market economy was the only salvation
for the Third World.

- The same applies to Chancellor Hel-
mut Sclunldt, who toCk a long time to

^ carn ‘ 1 Erich Hauser

(Frankfurter Rundschau, 9 September 1981)

Well-oiled EFTA wheels keep
order book pages turning

T here is contrast between the dis-
putes within the European Com-
munity and the EECs close and smooth
relations with the European: Free Trade
Association (EFTA) countries, Austria,
Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Finland
and Iceland. ,

Whatever problems do arise in the
Community’s ties- with EFTA' are always
settled quietly, and behind the scenes
through diplomatic channels. 1

The Cormhittbe of EEC Ambassadors
has said in Its latest annual report that
the Community's free, trade agreement
with the EFtX countries “functioned to
the full satisfaction ojf both sides”'
According' to the report, 60 pir cent
6f EFTA foreign trade Is accounted for
by the EEC. EFTA, oh the other hand,
accounts for 25 per cent "of the'Com-
unity’s foreign trade (exports and im-
ports). . „

The 1972 free trade agreements that
were made between EFTA -and the.EEC
when ‘Britain- and Denmark left EFTA
and joined ! the Community . were ^ in-
strumental 'in this positive development
that was marked - by the, intensification
of trade' relations through .bilateral tariff
'reductions for- Industrial goods.-
1 Since the beginning of this year, when
Greece' joined - the ■ Community - 1 Athens
■ and the EFTA haVe be$i reducing tariffs

■ graduhlly&' . i j. ^ : j ■: . , ■ i

\i : r,

The free . trade agreements, for in-
dustrial : goods ■ have meanwhile < been
augmented to include agricultural pro-
ducts. , ' , . . . (

There, have, been agreements ( with
Austria for quality wines and cheese.
Vienna has reserved the right' to : supply

the EEC with mutfori and goat meat by

agreeing to voluntary self-restrictions
after the EEC market system dinfe into

effect--': 1 i,! ■ "' ; ■

Agreements mutually- to' open markets
for processed foods, animal feed, cheese,
powdered milk and fruit have been con-
cluded with' Switzerland. Similar agree-
ments have been 'signed with ‘the Scan-
dinavia EFTA countries fort fish products
and mutual fishing rights > (though- the
latter does not apply :to Iceland). f ;

•Due to' the steel crisis in the Com-
munity, the steeli-produdng ,E£TA .coun-
tries' have agreed to voluntary export re-
strictions .. V-I-' ■ . .■■■:■; •

- • In '.the field of scientific arid techno-
logical cckiperation there are the i COST
project providing forjoint financing.. . , i

- ' Switzerland hasn joined- the . EEC i In-
formation computer network. (Euro pet), \

Sweden and. Finland are ; now, negotiat-
ing membership of iBuroneVarid- Aus-
tria! is also said i to be.interested.
oThere ,is a', regular; .infoTmation,' ex-
change. 1 -on environmental,: - .protection

20 September 1981 ,^.20 September 1981

i <•. .

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

1 ! .

i ,

LIN RADIO SHOW

•’j" ' ..

idea gets Stereo souiw

mixed reaction •r*i« 1

T here has befen a mlxeU mS Ol POSSIDHa

suggestions thkt 1 the A

and the EEC hold 1 regular trade fllLahonlo sound in television Is

“iff lAtaii w . V Emost important novelty shown at
The idea is not new, but KCif.. Fimksosstelltmg since the in-

nol^auminit U Ottawa ia Jifylj rfcotatt TV in 1967. says

Now, Washington's roving tniF- . . '

bassador. Bill Brock; has aliwfr J it t0 secn

invitations for a session to djasliwlll be enchanted enough by the
idea in New York on October 17. Won to warrant the trade s opti-
Mr . Brock met With someappJ

TbKyo, but the Europeans wlophonic sound in television is
guarded. [to add a new dimension to such

Main - argument - against Is tkLmes as operas or concerts,
would «y connotation: h to stereo TV

The objective Is ;4‘tZn h °C“ft right

US^Sl-EEc'b'to hub (hf®* “ d ^^“"‘on^-
tnule. accounting for the ^ loudspeaker or

cance for the individual natsoilMer example: newscasts can be
nomies naturally makes for Inttrit&st and listened to in German on

sound on TV full

ies, but ...

M* ■> W W ■ *» W- ■ W HKU H »

ade, accounting for the Uod’i lie
itemational trade in industrialist
The Vdlume of trade and in g
mce for the individual natioadi
Dmies naturally makes for Intcrd^t

ice. The problems of the ontois
imatically affect the others aM
Right now, Americans and haf
ive one common problem: Jt)
gresslve export policy on theoul
id, on the other, its sealirg-odd
wn market to prevent import).
This has resulted in high hide
its with Jdpan. (America reaeW i
ard' monthly deficit of Sl35bnhJ
According to official figures, If
rpects a trade surplus of S8bii taj
?81‘ (Which erids cm '31; Mirth
rivate 'estimates speak of $22bo.

These imbalances, together
ict that the United Statow
keried to a developing coun^
adc with Japan. (America s!#*
id. raw, ; materials, and buyi?®* 11
>ods), have bolstered demands ^

ictionist measures., ,

ing systems, ARD and ZDF, have made
a few programmes in stereo to familiar-
ise the public with it, but they are un-
likely to broadcast these programmes as '
a matter of routine.

Also the technical facilities have not
yet been provided by the postal authori-
ty, and so far only about two-thirds of
the TV towers gre equipped to relay, the
programmes.

' Stereo TV will therefore gain ground
very gradually as today’s sets become ob-
solete and have to be replaced.

However, the introduction of stereo is
bound to be generally welcomed. The
sound in TV has up to now been neg-
lected in favour of the picture.

Detractors could, of course, say that if
stereo TV is the highlight of this year’s
Fimkausstellung then the show is mark-
ed by few innovations.

But such criticism would fall short of
doing justice to the wide range of tech-
nical novelties presented by over 300
exhibitors, more than half of them for-
eign.

True* this year’s show has not come

pdogtati breakthrough: («w« ‘» har ^
■ anything left to Invent in this field), but
it shows a elesi trend towards micro-
eKctronics snd the mass production of a

Pre-programming a vldeo-recorder Is now possible u » ln » ** !'* d " l ? h ^!f lop " d ,
(Lpunkt involving .peolel TV programme peg., and pen with a "» rt '0"^ o h ; o , i '; j|t([ ^

wide range of goods extending from couple of yean, miniaturisation will png-

lame soeen video projecton aU the way gross to the point where **"*J!*i"Pj
MS redks - and all this in ly be any difference in size between a

a gSytaptoved quality. portable and stationary ret

. e j- „ uni* n . until niit And Deoole who cannot cops witn tnq

Take portable radios. With « wrtho toapv ^ buttons ta wUQh:

cassette recorders, mono or sterc °* . .. J ^ u^jy abound will be ablo |o,

rybody at the show. stereo or cassette or record.

What Is new Is the fact ■ that these ; rets thoS e who fear that by push-'

5f r AMS 4 ess. sja - « — -

'££&£? thSt thC SPeakCT W °™ S ba, been achieved by a
■' these small ' portable set, m* have

is saws s Ch— -

omst measures., , - - «

Washington. ■ has already robot accompanies ■ the visitor
ailed, . on - Japan : ,to imp# ^ the show and enables hlrn to hear

itlons for... its. auto. exp»U "ffoniofmuilc. (Photi:dp»)

L...But since, this has • WJ® 1 ™ _ ,

Mon In Europe, . Washing, speaker and for example, Turk-
the time has come to hoM * t» the other.

■ .. il. i ■ <■ m mmmma • 1 . 1 . —

the other.

IIIV lliliv aieara — e , ,

red. tripartite .consultations.' it while colour TV has the market,

has been NhV and multi-soundtrack TV are like-
»•* «dS MWrtir T»«a»in the exception rather than

!d ' n P rindpl * * i ‘^ .*Xr«so« is that current sets, can be

toTtSwd' two major -broadcast-

■ » . ■ . ■ ... r. ’ .rftliaW _

ns uoaiuu

prefer to phr for ttin«»^

lie Americans- by- putds!*

_ • 1 '

■' ‘ , curfiodl continued from page B

obgh' a nuriiher of:

i of the US - initiative, tl# Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and
de in Brusielsiisunark^ Similar provisions exist on con--
because consultation* protection with Sweden and

he UmtedSUtea'dWsdr^f^w devqtojnnent aid wlthAnu-
e framework of Grtt, »tden and Norway; on energy
i'lfmorpjis oms-biliteni^lfMvay (oil and natural gash on

pittiteconsulUtioiw,'^IJ' 6d md paperX .

Fnotohl* add: to the^^X^^Uon in tin transport sretor is

uinnlH 1 a i! n ■mack ofa^f’JSff 1 ^ cl »apter. Switzerland and Aus-
would also smap. .iiidplhw aitimu. inter*

.if.lVt i ; .'.if’ ” ■ : '

Continued from page 0

Operation in the transport sector is ;

, .mack of a chapter. Switzerland and Aus- a nd DM3UU more pM'wn'r

,lw * **•' ot ^ er - toK) Sd the main rele. hopes

ada.' fty tfttmp^ ? . jaMhailt countries for traffic between ) ?^”^ th « , h bw |m come OP with
I- ittite. te.-efaMff ,-aBKii-«iid Hahr. • :• J? Km****

G oman firms have stolen a march
on their competitors from the Far
Eaat in developing television seta that
can receive sound in stereo.

But the national television and radio
network, AftP, does not mtend tp take
advantage of this immediately.

It wifi be 1984 before stereo TV is in-

However, viewers ate being riven a
foretaste at the 33rd Fimkausstellung In

Balin' where eU the- German meto* «°
i , showjpg their stereo TV seta. - ! ■ ■ ■

.."two: ' hundred :.Wti 32

: from : ?7 , countries '.arc iepresehl*d.ni 23
exhibitioh halls, rl : ■

Entertainment *■ electronics _ account-
ed for sales wpr^h DM12bn last year-
In tire tint eight Wontos of tW 83 W

mqnthsiif i^t year’bfip^ 0 »:**? b ^ r ^ 1 ‘
ed. as bad been predicted- ... , ; • ■
The TV *£t is still thh brtt 8 ^ lcr l T
.a. indiutrv 1 And' onc$’ more at., this

WSfiWswjat

tiS°rets) and tire nrein rele. hope*

But since Sony (wUch anticipate:
TWT j J„ sales worth ^DMTOOm in Germany atone)

New sets ready b not the

x J rested in the new disc - the electronic*

• but not the

telecasters ^*^*2 . tb ^ D cS I of umri.

. 4 . 'i rina standard aUtus intenubonally. ■ ■

arguments and market forecasts, but not 8^^ ^ a that makes the llhri

nrices, c ratadiifl audio ifld ividdo'. lyitonw ipf

P The aptirecUHoh of »e hofiar md and, this coulti, pm

(^njcal idWekqmmMro - taUng ^ important in the loflg run.
toll. Thua, for^intoc^ PWliptf de^ ^ (ompmie , uffe r audiwMg
lopmettt, cojt for its Wro® W . ta which the settenon lyhrethe

about DM500m -money that stiti lire ^ pf , monitor. The TV-part li
to be. earned through sales. _ K |wate.Mi>th<»ui>dpart. - '

- • And liext year tire Wj®* TM» moans thst TV sdd video recori

x tss, • s <a * 1 -ffiig i&aLr.- v, \

f J# |m|A ’ " 1 , . i . : I ’i *

ai rs % SftSS; ;ssa»»«aasa

public starting from the end of . n “l - M V* l^

S, Tii« ’dim. with its' diameter of about and sale! quadrupled. ,

Winehm Sw for 60 mlnutea and it. The industry now pin: iu .hopes on tfte
S?^ty%%tient in Wditiom ft ; video record; tire CD dire snd, perhaps, tile

ft touah enough tp bi, handled, by : chil* video camera. i

& tdugn enpugn. p - ;; ^ faCt i that ih«e novelties wit

.dren* ye.nv.-aw ! tJii-i ftnimd it . ® i_ Inil rent illl affotfd te

entertainment pjec^ronia market, who
mmimI uIm in the 1960s had stsgnsh

Among inwc ii V vwin~- -r — -■•I

CD dtte.:Whicb < h' te^

WoffiiA ’fact:

Eurpnegn

fj J-.I'I. -TM, . ^ .r*.a. ,

counriies for traffic between
Jjy and Italy.

^tiations are now in progress on a
^■participation by the EEC in
WUuctlon of the /nutria lnnkreis-,
Mtobahn. , . , .

p Piu^els expects Vienna to reduce

for commercial vehicles.

V-. y,; , -^c^Jfauser .

The industry now pins H* hopes on tljj
video record; the CD disc and, perhaps, m

video camera. (j

The fart' that these novelties weto
shown In Berlin but not yet pnw fO»
sale makes this year's Funtowfautig a

traBihlo*ti«>*. MtdHlfonMt

SSI Betaraaif Video. 2000) ill to Ml

todmical

JraBUWSWH 1 «

Sony (Japan).

Deration deal. wit#,:

■' J.

J ‘ •'Hv q»*.- h
.‘tot.

GERMAN

i I

I r l

• <i

1 1 1

4 .

West Germany is
: a good place to

invest and do business

in but Bavaria
is attractive in its own special way.

Our borders are open for
, whatever assets our international
business partners have to offer -
whether money, technology,
innovation, research or just plain

good ideas!

We at Bayerische Vereinbank, one

of Germany’s major, banks, have
•eiience in entering new markets
— oLtf international network, linking
such key financial centres as London,
New York, Luxembourg, Zurich, Paris,

'Tokyo-, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Rio de
, Janeiro, Johannesburg, is there to
help you gain that first and all-impor-
tant foothold. With a tradition dating
;•'.; back to 1 780 we are a proven
partner and familiar with all types of
finan/>!oi; transactions from retail and

k , " • • , i 1 .' i •.■'.■ \ . : : '

. ■ • *

■• ■

i <

i >

i ■ p

■»

l l

■ ■ i i

■’ll ii.;.

■'■ f ■' ■' X -J ’ '

1 1 > >ii.: i;i u . .

■Li

w \

ii ** *

[mj

■ i . 1 1 _ • ■

|||| i ^

■ .1

"ll Yivfe'.V

LITERATURE

Characters who
make moral
decisions

Oicgfried Lenz, in his latest novel Dcr
*3 Verfust CThfl Loss); tells the tale of
Uli Martens* a guide who works for a
company that runs guided coach tours
of Hamburg.

At; work one bright summer day he is
paralysed by a stroke and Comes round
in hospital to find himself both paralys-
ed and struck dumb:

When you lose the ability , to com- ■.
municate and to conceptualise what you
experience* you iuirthe : risk of personal- ■ •
ity' disintegration and losing touch With-
the world.

You can only sunnve the crisis and
regain .the faculty of speech provided
your relations with others do not grind
to a halt.

Uli Martens is in particular danger of i
tliis happening because he has lived an
unconventional life with next to no ties. >
His principle has always been to keep
his options open for something new,
something different, .something unplan-
ned. ! . 'I > . . ’’..I" I

He has always avoided committing
himself. He. has never fully furnished an
apartment He has r repeatedly switched
jobs.- ■’ • i •

His friendship with Nora, a librarian,,
was, characteristically, a' .temporary affair,
and she found it hard to come to. terms
with life as a< makeshift ,

She suspected that the continual stops
i and atarts in UH’* life were partly, rnqti-
■ — vatsiriby 1 r^desMh ■ to 1 J 8tt£r 'clear of
demands and difficulties. .

As one character in the novel puts it;
“If you have no. ambition you can. never

bea loser”. ••

After Uli’s stroke Nora' initially wants
to break off the affair. She feel? weak
and unsure of. herself in any case, and
! although she likes him their relationship
• has always been precarious and liable to
i be called off at any moment.,. ...

I But she feels a new situation -has ari-
sen that entails obligations she ought
not to shirk. . . . .1*. -. .i.;-. ; . . : . t

i Uli makes despairing bids to get
through to her, making her realise she is
the only person who can. help. him.

■ So she decides to make, their relation-
ship more, permanent than : it had been
and to: give her sick. friend fresh confi*
dence. In himself and for the future by
planning a future together , in a new

home^ ■ ' i ! i it- n i i •

i The closing word* .of , the novel sound
a >i note i of, : confidence; r^Nora walked
slowly round 'the : bed i end i sat. on the
edge,' taking hold of : Uli’s hand. There
was a: knock, and both of. them lopked
towards the door.” i .i
Lem’s novel Is both a love story and n
tale of .being handicapped. . It ; . is a . dan-
gerous combination but: Lenz steers dear
of false. romanticism, .■■: r. j , i,

He also avoids the sense .of- .cubage,
aimed in an almost hackneyed, way. sole-
ly at Claims to . which the . disabled: ars
entitled, that has lately, characterised!, at
times: the debate on ' relations between
the handicapped and the world of the

healthy. » <\ • • i • • -■ M-iil 1 1 ! i . • i ■ i

-<.;Lenz evidently is trying to remind | us
of the simple i but important;<tnitb. that
human. - solidarity,; taken, .seriously >
moral, ■ pbligatiQn, . of pryc|aj ^signifi-
cance, y j| ;,v ; »-.r vu *1101 1:

*%"»-..*««. !N»|J

rate GERhfAN TfilBUNB

20 September 1981 -No, : lj| 20 September 1981

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

and a dramatic cutback in the opportu-
nities life presents.

The person hit by such a loss has to
feel he continues to be acknowledged
and accepted for himself; otherwise he
will give himself up and succumb to de-
spair.

In this, as in past novels, Siegfried
Lenz Is a moralist Like Heinrich BOH*
he is a writer who tells the tales of
clearly outlined characters capable of
taking Abnil decisions.

He retains humanity as an option, a
possibility that still remains in 8 world
that Is anything but harmonious.

This kind of topic and a traditionally
orientated narrative style have earned
Lenz bis popularity with his reading
public.

By no means infrequently they have
also got him into trouble with the crir
; tics. He has been accused of lacking a
clear insight into the incurable condition
of the modem world.

He has beep accused of failing to ap-
preciate the desolation of the individual
and the inappropriateness of conven-
tional modes of portrayal.

His new novel shows Lenz not to be-
long to the category of do-or-die mod-
ern authors .who dispense, altogether
with conventional narrative fopris.,;

He not a writer to harp, exclusively
on the desperate .ego-decline . and de-
struction of all modes; of contact be-
tween individuals. .

h?nz can set against this literature of
hopelessness the simple feift f hat , we all
still manage to come to terjns with each
other about the world around us by
means of narration.

Besides; ' he can fairly argue . that
hiiman life would be impossible to lead
were there hot reasonable grounds for
confidence in the success of bids toife-
ach r UrfdCfttaldihir-aifii ‘ W Hire • p&ssibiHtjr
of meaningful 1 activity. 1

This confidence can, of course; always
be disappointed. Relations are . always
endangered. The world is growing in-
creasingly alien and . hostile to mankind.

, These are facts that;, the books of
moralists Lenz and Ball by no means
omit to mention. . . ; . , ., .,

Siegfried Lenzfs latest novel may be
gratifying, to many wa^btif'thera can
be nooyerlopkinga rtuhiber' of formal
shortcomings.' *' ■ ' 1 ■'

Its main characters, for iftstancei
create 'an iniprtfeidri : of” being 1 poorly
thought oilt and Schematic to 1 many re-
spects. ,l : » *' ■■ ' ■

Uli is too 'gobd to be true as a lovable
nonconformist 11 end > .tollyii: maryellous
guide. Nora, weak but. suddenly testify-r
ing to strength at, the moment of deci-r
sion, bears witness to Lena's predilection
for paradox. , .1

i Schematic characterisation of this
Mna'Is'.tocj’ieaiiHy .apparent' ini fee per-:
son of Mrs brant, tlfe erifer^etic 1 head-
mistress and motherly friend of Nora's,
who breaks down, helplessly when crisis
Conies, ,l 1 ' '•* '■ 1 ■ ' ' « ' *■

Another criticisni that must be inadfc
W‘ Chat' I'riufobef tif t kt lovingly, pirin-

» assembled nAxiatlvw 'dAtjfU' pet>
fuhdtlbn. 1 .. 'f 1 ' 1 '*;;.' 1,;il «

1 By fib-' ntearid 1 fefrt'fefetttiyl tlfe 1 adjec-
tives with which Lenz is given tb 'Sdorh

evideht 1 'dprieehi 1 fbr Its 1 kiibject 1 itipiter ih
general 1 arid ' beiai# of ''one passage i|t

partiBriar.“ i,,f;: . : ' 1 *" 1 •"]■■■ .1 - -i (>' iis-ij

. It is the nihgthy ; cteptef to which
teMf describes' th'e lurching odyfefcj’hls

m . of ,pr\ic|a| ? signlfl- ^ ‘tf h‘6nhe e^bes 1 fiAjti

vv ; » 1- vij -ti if j-, j; Hofefoi fcjid iijripChlesa.lt U'a

Sr Hitm Mm. it,M moat effective!' 1 &jmfe(cf i: totf- Infense

pi^bf Writing. Jthgen Jacobs'

Getting the right mix of

science with the fiction S P^ r harmieA ^ the . end ^

S cience fiction did itot come in for
much raiticism at Noris Con 81, the
three-day get-together of about 150 SF
fads,' writers and artists M Nuremberg.

A 16-year-old girl remarked applogeti-
cally that she wished science fiction
Wbuid shoV d little more humanity, but
that was about as far as SF Criticism

went.. ' .

Thb conference was very much what
it 'prdrbisod to be, a get-together of in-
siders, 1 and as is usual in such cases, no-
one for a moment thought to take a
critical look atithe genre.

Nuremberg SF writer Kurt Karl Dobe-
rer concluded, in a somewhat sluggish
platform debate, that science fiction re-
ally must , be just what the name im-
plips:- science fiction, ...

Both the conference prganisera and
their guests seemed satisfied 1 with this
quest|on-begging definition. . .

This is not to say there was no-one at
the Nuremberg conference who might
not jriive had ' more to say on the sub-
ject Blit the man who, more than
anyone else, might have been able to
shed light on it preferred not to do so.

He was Herbert W. Franke, a profes-
sor of cybernetics and 'physics and one
of the best and most successful current
German SF writers: ■

Unfortunately, he only attended for a
short while ahd voiced his views on his
subject as a scientist and a writer on the
periphery of the conference.

Science fiction, he felt, was less esca-
pist than, say, the crime thriller. “The

vP I Mi s ;• m H SI «

w' Speer, ' jrtio dlpd .at 7fi i; on /l a

films in which fighting and Jt ' 1 !' ' l.Tl VOl\

seem, not to be just the spice of S3 . .

its sole purpose. ! 1 > : . ;

Many other points went unmeaM jL*' speer, who died at 7ri i ,on' ,a
at the conference, which was hridblr^it to London, was dubbed by his-
appropriately concrete summnd^L rjojo Mann The devil’s architect.’
Langwasser community centre C, he is dead many attempts will

Nasa’s Jesco von Puttkamer JSjm to find, a fitting epithet for
lecture end . slide show on the SpLs arclritect . and wartime Minister

involvement with genocide

letture end . slide show on the Si
Shuttle programme that proved a
again what smart spach opetotnu
Americans are. m

But he had nothing to ny.iiw 1
billions that are ndedl&ti? 1 tpc*
space restarch. | " 1
And only to a subordinate ^ das;
he concede 1 1 tHtt the ' US ^ut
gramme was geared in part to il
requirements. To who elsra .

Maybe an SF fan hiight fee filbi
him the latest edition of 7^
Suhrkamp science fiction dm
which includes some very fort
(including one by FrankeV

Ians Production. . , , : t

i Speer, , who served . a 20-year , pri-
iiatence fer his part in , the Nazi
d labour programme, is not so easy
fconhole.

nlenced at Nuremberg, he spent Ills
jears in Spandau gaol yet remained
fie had, always been: one of the
E contradictory public figures of the
El Reich.

L was neither an ex-serviceman nor
to of, the .breed that fought in po-
b brawls in the. declining years of
Weimar Republic..

best SF is steadily improving in quality”
he said. r <>, ,

He should. kpow» being himself large-
ly responsible for the improvement in
Gednan SF, but gratifying though the
treqd may bp, it appljes only to the best
of SF. '

The run-of-the-mill was only too ob-
vious 1 from the German publishers* out-
put bn show to the foyer. Moewlg*
Gbldman n, Uilstein and Heyne still put
(Jb^itity before 1 quality.

Quality was not, of course; on 1 the
agenda, so ■ it vwent'.withauti, saying, that
Herbert W. Franke chose 1 not' to criticise
his fellow-writers and potential readers,
r He said the- conference was positive
and,, as . a matter .of principle, .very much
to be WelcOMfed: ' He could have said
.. blit 1 .preferred’ io ^ J keep : his own

Maybe he had intended to make a few
critical comments, but the author of
Zone Null (Zero ZotoV Einsteins Ge-
him (Fin stein’s Brain) and Pairadits 3000
(Paradise 3000) . could be excused for
changing his min’d, v
The , sight of a number, of SF fans
brandishiiig plastic lasfcr guns apd -wear-
ing long leather boots and unimaginatiye

►■'i I

feld time ah’d ; again thht Wild Wttt
rrl ethbefe ‘ arid . ideas tniist' be kept oUt of
dtiffl'sfticd. 1 ! '^

. ^ ‘But ! SF- writer ;W4lter : Emsfeig (whdse
non i de*plume i 'is J Glafk' 1, Dari ton) added
that there were; unfortunately; bound to
b?"bWshe*‘ (tnfl 1 wahj li* SR’ 1 gHtn > that
they still occurred on eatth. - y 1 : 1
"'•Triin iftoiigh,- perhaps, : but 1 : hls ujifbri-
tohitel^ rdrgbt

' 2L TSr 7hfe.fc-i«’n«lt got to know Adolf Hitler
Jtifg Weigands D6r ^fjt early 30s and was fascinated by
tronauten (The Astronauts D(rtjl ^ FQhper and the opportunities

the one Puttkamer woiild fe oesliip opened up for him

read, however. I ' » arc v litect

After a long journey tW w«i to a svste.n

the astronaut returns to earth totnl* m L ,

brains bashed in by humans wia!bP w,11 ‘ :h *i dcs P |te grownB doubts,
dim view of his achievement ' ^olongcr escape

Permanent occupancy of 111 ! he s P nn f of , 1945 - w ! lc " , he

pulated by Nasa and Puttkamn bifo ^ on its last legs and Hitler

longer , the priority. “Who cam Germany itself to be laid waste,
the stars?” WeigancTs humani!) W tuanaged to overcome his scruples.

“Our kids are starving.” {Muck though they may have troubled

An idea of what Professor Frasteiiiiii, when it. came to crunch he pledged
have meant ’with ihls ( rpfsimw Wjp^/onaii loyalty to the FUhrcr. ,

steady improvement. at the top w#—-— ‘ ‘ “

veyed solely by. scientific wrilfflrafl

PRch in a well-researched igj Tkgw hffllirlsil
Space Utopias: A History of SpeTni . 1 1|6 I1UIIUU|

el in. Literature and Art J ^

One leafnt at last tjiat the(e«sj — •
to science ffetion than Jules Lill—eeJ

Perry. Hhodan (the Gerpian SF.P't 1

gazine hero).' \ J .y %M I

, Perry ^thodan writers ate r ■ •; I’M . |

oil j 4«T, Verne; Incidentallrfl . : S; • ,
fiothUig i> Vem.0. lifvarUbly “'I • ■“

classic SF writer. , . , / 1 J
Susanne Pilch also mentig

Liftsiwitz ahti H;G. Wells; j
way frit j* reference" to' wnWfj
hfltoes'haVe^ebn'forgbtt^dKI
Take, ' fof instant* .ilhisiwj W
Paul SbHBe'rbatt of ' stibflc, bf
mann Harry Schmitz. . H lt y|

Maybe we will begin to'iwij JI

O™ 1 SF Handy hints - on axe

Gieeoo fcod, shopping and the

tion. by 1 Lucian of avoysgew^* . ' rr ■

and the aatlrioal.iutdpiu 1 7 wlH ** v ® » ou tlrt,e an<

Aristophapes. . . wrj’tyid>i Theseiuhlque colour

Or take the distinguisnea r i multilingual (German, English

tsr StwMasi, Upfc, ltH-9 fta l . ■ . . ; i .

tm»n- [But mf\ if, mf ...

leeye*.ithe,oytai«je .ptWM: ■' .

the jeaihbuckttng ■ I 1 Fnl

mPctIs; juSW hHI I B H ! t.

whatm^ W M’iraMaBMWl lE f*

ttbn wm eonte^ietdtth loWjiaH HMBBBHHi . '

IH tThich SP flitt. B

haw else t» tiMAd *»<“ 7lia mwHKmiw wmlSa ! , .

' n,

Soaceshlu , Ebtcrprisei^frWnSaQii ■ i J ■

Yet for a twofbld reason Albert Speer
is well worth taking' a closer look at; and
historians, philosopher 1 - psychoanalysts
•anti any number' of publicists 1 have al-
ready done So. ■ ‘ 1 ; .

The part he played in the Third Reich
arid' the .remarkable way ’in which he
came to terms with hi^ past in ' his me-
moirs continue to provide material for
delving into the darkest period' in Ger-
man history.

■

He was a well-known Mannheim ar-
chitect’s son and thus a member, of the
upper middle class ,who .came into .con-
tact with the wheels of, power at an early
age.. . . . - •

Speer was to many ways representative
of a German Establishment without
whose support Hitler would have run
out of steam in next - to no- time, one
imagines.

He was one of the young technocrats
who were needed once the purist Nazi
ideologists or speechifying bodyguard-
type Nazis of the early period were no

longer in demand.

These youngsters were needed to get
the war machine moving or to organise
emergency arrangements on the home
front.

He and his like were later accused of
having been deeply unpolitical, inter-
changeable and as useful to a democracy
as tp a dictatorship. . .

This, the argument ran, was what
made technocrats so dangerous.

Soon after the war Speer began to
consider what truth there was to such
allegations. Uplike most, of the other
pien in fee dock at Nuremberg, he

pleaded guilty.

; In several books he later outlined the
change he underwent, viewing his past
with a growing sense of detachment and
prompting, incidentally, a variety of re-
sponses.

s Frankfurt psychoanalyst Alexander
Mitscheriich, a subtle observer of his fel-
low-men, . rtoted in a 1975 article for
Frankfurter AJlgemeine Zeitung that:

“In many ways 1 he (Speer) has an in-
tact Protestant super-ego; The admission
of guilt lie ' made dt Nuremberg and has
made on several occasions since is
couched in extremely general terms and
sounds distinctly pallid."

Even so, Albert. Speer cannot be said
to have been one of the incorrigibles.

One naturally wonders to what extent
Speer deliberately staged his confessions.
In 1975 Carl Am*ry, the writer, a former
concentration camp inmate, called on
him to make atonement in private and
on his own.

His self-recriminations have never
been total. Many were qualified by
unsu resounding statements about how

Albert Speer . . . fescinatad by the

Pfthrar, (Photo: Sven Simon)

he came to terms with Hitler, for, whom
architecture was long a medium of . spe-
cial importance.

The relevant passages in Speeris me-
moirs often read as though someone,
slightly shocked, were viewing himself
from a definite distance.

Maybe this was the instinctive way in
which he ensured survival. Much of
what he wrote testified to astonishment
at the way in which he fell for Hitler.

He never does seem to have arrived at
a convincing explanation. He certainly
seems until his dying day to have been
haunted by the fact that he had serv-
ed a regime which channelled its energy
into genocide.

It could hardly have committed more
heinous crimes. R 0 d er ich Rei fen rath

!\ (titkfuilvr Rundschau. 3 SwpuinlH-i tVH)

The holiday of a lifetime
MgBgg t for 7.50 DM

Is too much to expect, but that Is all our
‘ * •* • ‘ v - v . . V %jjt Illustrated guides In glorious colour cost

i <■ v* • fl ■ Forty pages eaoh 1 , ahd fifty Impressive .

'-a-/..; - ■■ I#.-' ■ colour photos. Letthem be your guide

■* to the world's most Interesting. and

beautiful cities. ,

Prepares for the trip makes a
lasting memento

Glorious weather for 850 DM

i. t00 mU ch to expect, but we can promise you
that with the aid of our climate handbooks you will
be able to travel when the weather suits you best.

NAIROBI

m «ld-lnplcw™

Business and private
travel overseas cells for
careful preparation.

The weather varies so
wildly that you may ^
be in for an
unpleasant surprise.

Handy hints — on excursions,
food, shopping and the weather
~ will save you tithe and money.

J~ . * V . r

• I l»

i’Vti

These i uhique colour guides are
multilingual (German, English, Spanish).

mi;---

These climate handbooks are complied by
expertenced meteorologists and list monthly
statistics for major cities: temperature, rainfall,
rainy, days, humidity and mention of special
features such as fog, thunderstorms, whirlwinds

1 alnri ilh Of! * - ’ ■ '■ ‘ -

' >■.. ;V.:

r’ J «.^»

Ii Fill in and send to; , ... .. , .

!' m .";y-

. Tel.: (040) 22 8dm .

ippeeajLlp

please send me:

, NAIROBI

!:i i •

■ DUMA.. !l

i ••

'.!<* I in

□ iRIO DE JANEIFQ

• % ; m - «■ |» ‘

□'CARACAS;

/KANADA

-hW

f.7L

I j Name
'! Street

1 1 : . , I ■ i '

I Town

‘I .Ik

1 ‘ '> i

: ’Cilrtatotofllcaf handbooks are J >/

available for U.S.A./Canada, . s'

Utin America. ! :• p ✓ ■ ■ S j

EaatMto and Africa. ■ 1

Reference sections round off the data, ( . , ti . p

making the cllmatologloal handbooks '

comprehensive guides ■ -very Ira^ollor ■ ■ ■ ■• • ■ >'
will nesd. They Include K cnarts and . ■ .

Hit 1 1 ,000 figurea on 60 to 80 page*.

" t A-X-

SSXtfiS ' ////

1 1 : 1

.1 ill

THfiCTBMAN TMBtNB

a>g*pteBli«fl>81.|fa||

• 20 September 1981

■THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

LITERATURE

Characters who
make moral
decisions

S iegfried Lenz, in his latest hovel Dor
Vcrlust (The LossX tells the tale of
LIU Martens, a guide who works for a
company that runs guided coach tours
of Hamburg!

At work one bright summer day he is
paralysed by a stroke and comes round
in hospitalto And himself both paralys-
ed arid struck dumb;

When you Jose the ability . to com-
municate and to conceptualise What you
experience, you xuirthe 1 risk'. of personal-:
ity disintegration and losing touch With 1
the world.

You can only survive the crisis and
regain . the faculty of speech provided'
your relations with others do not grind
to a halt. . .

Uli Martens is in particular danger of :
this happening because he has lived an
unconventional life with next to no ties, .

His principle has always been to - keep
his options open for : something' new,
something : different something unplan-
ned. ; jj ■ i ■ ■ i r . i . i ■■ 1. 1 ,

He has always avoided' committing
himself. He has never, fully furnished an
apartment. He has repeatedly, switched

job?.! 1 i li J - ■ 1 1 -ii . i '■! .

His friendship iwhh Nora, a librarian,
was, characteristically; 1 a temporary affair,

\ and she foimd.it. hard to come to- terms

| with life as a: makeshift , , i , .

\ She suspected 'that the continual stops,
i apd staxtsi in UK's life were partly niqti-
7 — ’ nr ‘§frer*tfefr of

i demands and difficulties. ...

As one character in the novel puts it;
“If you have no ambition you can. never
be a loser" ; . ■ 4 . ,«

After Uti’s stroke Nora initially wants
to break- off the affair. She feels weak
and unsure of- herself in any case, pnd
although she likes him their relationship
; has always been > precarious and liable to
■ be called off at any moment,

| But she feels, a, new situation has ari-
sen' that entails obligations she ought
not to shirk. .... . . .. r .,

: Uli makes despairing bids -to get
through to her, making hejr realise, she is
the only person who can help, him, u - m , -
So she decides to make, their relation:
ship more permanent than it. had been
and to i give her -sick friend, fresh confix
dence. in. himself and; for the future i by
j planning a future together in a new
home.,. " .. ■! ■ 1 1 iii,. . -i,:« ■ "»

t. -The closing Words .of -the novel sound
a 1 1 note ; of r confidence; ; 1 4 !Npre .walked
sickly found- the-; bed . and .sat on the
edge; taking hold of UK’s hand. There
was a knock, and .both of them .looked
towards the door.”. . : . , .. . ,j .

Lenz’s novel is both a love story and a
! tale of being handicapped.-. It is a dan-
gerous combination but- Lotus steers dear
of falsa romantioism. - , ; li):i

He also avoids the sense d- outrage,
aimed in an almost hackneyed way. sole-

ly at claims to i which the . disabled are
entitled, that has lately, characterise^ at
times the debate -on - relations between
the handicapped and thie world of the
healthy. c:i rt<-v ,.<;•]■

! i Lena , evidently i is trying to remind. I us

of the simple • but , important , truth ( jthat
human. joljda/lty*; tgken r seriously ,
tnowJ^iObligatiQiVaiii of .cruefef ^signifi-

UerjCe* l’,-,.',* !• - ! I- - Hi, 5 - 'j

flUftoa copln, ; with a serious break:
down til the integrity of artlridlVldUi]

and a dramatic cutback In the opportu-
nities life presents.

The person hit by such a loss has to
feel he continues to be acknowledged
and accepted for himself; otherwise he
will give himself up and succumb to de-
spair.

In this, as in past novels, Siegfried
Lenz is a moralist Like Heinrich B811,
he is a writer who tells the tales of
clearly, outlined characters capable of
taking moral decisions.

He retains humanity as an option, a
possibility that still remains in a world
that is anything but harrrionious. .

' : This kind of topic and a traditionally
! . orientated narrative style have earned
Lenz his popularity with his reading
public.

By no means infrequently they have
. also gpt trim into trouble with thb cri-i
■i .tlcsj HC; has- bepn accused of: lacking a
dear insight into the incurable conditlbn-
of the modem world.

He has. been accused of failing to ap-
preciate! the desolation of the individual
and the inappropriateness of conven-
tional modes of portrayal.

- His new noVel shows Lenz not to be-
long to the category of do-or-die mod-
em , authors. W &9 dispense, altogether
with conventional narrative fopris.,

He j? not a writer tq harp exclusively
op (he desperate ego-decline and de-
struction of all modes, of contact be-
tweep individuals. . . . , "

Lenz pan spt against this literature of
hopelessness , the. sirpple fact {lift, we all
etill . manage L tp ppme tp J^rms with each
other about the world around us by
meaps of narratipn.

BesldA,' l hb can fairly argue' that
hiiman life would be impossible to lead
were there hot reasonable grounds foT
confidence in the success of bids tP te*

of meaningful 1 activity.

' This confidence can, of course, always
be disappointed. Relations - are 1 always
endangered. The world is growing in-
creasingly. alien and hostile tp mankind.

. .These . are Tacts that the books * of
moralists Lenz, .and .Bflll . by no means
omit to mention? . .

.Siegfried Lenz’s, latest npyel may be
gratifying hi niwiy ways, Tut' ’there can
be no pyerjoolring'.a' huriiber* of ’formal
shortcomings.' 1,1 1 "

Its main characters, for instance)
treate 1 ah’ impressioh * of 1 being 1 'poorly
thought out and- 'schematic ih" marly re-
spects! 1 :it ; ■! ) -1 -. !■ . .i

Uli is too^otid td be trite 'Ss a lovable
nonconformist * < - and > . truly] i ; marvellous
guide. Norn, weak but suddenly testify-?
ing to strength at, the moment of: deci T
sion, bears -witness to Lenz's. predilection
for paradox. . ... t i v .,-.v ■».,

mistress and motherly- friend of Nora's,
who breaks down, helplessly when crisis
comes; 1 1,1 ; r ' - " .i*i •. i ;

Another criticism that must be made
W that 1 e "numbef of thd iovirigly.'jridn-
atajdhgly as4emblfd narrative 'dAt&Ui 1 riet-
fdijn ho foridtibh. 1 . . li;i|(l f 1 1 ■
By ho rridahg 1 infrequently i IKp ' adjec-
tives with which Lenz is given tb iu
his' ptesd sohhd tpo fdssy-of, iiipOrflu
But ‘theTtoyil 'crirtteadily be'forgivfen'

It shows

thesd sfioi . „

evident’ don&ni 1 fbrlts'lfebJect'rbaHer ih'
gehdial' ahd ‘bepairif Of :; phe passage 'hi

a" because or ’one

particular: 1,/; i

: It ii'f-thb lbngthy ‘ ebaptet iri which
i describes thb 'liircHing bdyssey 'his

mogt

pide’e' bf writing. JQrgcn Jacobs

Getting the right mix of

science

S cience fiction did not come in for
much criticism at Noris Con 81, the
three-day get-together of about ISO SF
fails, Writers arid artists ’iii Nuremberg.

A I6-year-old ^irl remarked applogeti-
crilly that she wished science fiction
wbuld .show ij little more humanity, but
that was about as far as SF‘ Criticism

A I ■■ . • I •’ . . . 1 I ’ I

went. .

: The : conference was very much what
it 1 promised to bb, a geMdgether of in-
aiders, and as is' usual in such cases, no-
one for a moment thought to take a
Critical' look at the genre.

Nuremberg SF writer Kurt Karl Dobe-
rer concluded; lit a somewhat - sluggish
platform, debate; that science fiction re-
ally. must, be just what the name im-
plies:! science fiction, . ■ ,

.Both. the. conference organisers and
their guests seemed satisfied; with this
question-begging definition. .

This 1 is riot to. say there whs no-one at
the Nuremberg conference who might
not hhve h&d more to say on the sub-
ject. Blit the man who, more than
anyone else, might have been able to
shedilght on it preferred not to do so.

He was Herbert W. Franke, a profes-
sor of cybernetics and physics and one
of the best and most successful current
Gemteh SF Writers. 1 -
Unfortunately; hb only attended for a
short' while and- voiced his views on his
subject as a scientist and a writer on the
periphery of the conference.

Science fiction, he felt, was less esca-
pist, than, say, the crime thriller. “The

best SF is steadily improving in quality”
he said. .i ? .

He should, know, being himself large-
ly responsible for ,the improvement in
German SF, But gratifying thOugh the
trend may be, it applies cihly to , the best
of 1 • . "

The run-of-the-mill was only too ob-
vious fforri the German published out-
put '‘bn; 'show In the foyer. Moewlg;
Goldmah n, Ullstein and Heyne still put
qbbHtity 1 before 1 duality: •• : f !

Quality was not, of course; (m the
agenda, so: it .went- withpup.saying. that
Herbert W. Franke chose not to criticise
his fellow- writers and potential readers,. ,
i He said the conference .was positive

and, as a matter of principle, .very, much

to bft Weibbmed. He could have said
mote 'but. 1 1 preferred’ '-to : 'keep > his own

bourne!." .

Maybe he had intended to make a few
critical comments, but the author of
ZonqNufJ (Z^ro Zoh eVEinsteins Ge-
him (Einstein’s Brain) and Paddies 3000
(Paradise 3000) could / be excused for
changing his min’d, i
The sight of a number, of SF fans
brandishing plastic laser guns arid bear-
ing long leather boots and unimagjnatiye

^poof urilfbrhis wdufd h&Ve Been
to discourage anyone. .

Iri 'spbepHe^ 'arid bbritereatitiri it Was
9&td time atid- again that Wild West
riiethb'd?' and ideas must be kept out of
dtitd?'*>accL , -: 1, r:i; r "‘ ■ r,i ’’ ■>■■■ -■! ■

: But' SF writer' 'Wilter Emstihg (whose
nOri-de-plume* 'is 'Clark' 1 Dariton) added
that there were; unfortunately; bound to
be’ clSshCS' (and wafsj ln SF, given that
they'still occurred on earth. ' , : ' !l

mbiigh/pertiaps, but 1 'he uhfOr-
forgbi to rtfer t6 SF novels and

OBITUARY

Albert Speer haunted until the end by

films in which fighting and
seem, not to be Just the spice of fid
its sole purpose.

Many other points went
at the conference; which was hetdh
appropriately concrete surround^
Langwasser community centre;

Nasa's . Jesco von Puttkamer
lecture and slide ' show on tiri
Shuttle programme that proved
again what smart space opeAi
Americans are. - :<■

But he had nothing to say abbot
billions that are ndedldssly spin
space tesfearch. '' ■ '"V /,, : i ■''•••
And only .iri a subordinate 'tew
he concede' 'that the .US apace
gramme was geared iri part to
requirements. To who rise’s? .

Maybe an SF fan might see fitb
him, the latest edition of JPobrii,
Suhrkamp science , Action
which includes some very tint
(including one by Franke).

jfrg Weigand’s Dir Tiainiifa
tronauten (The Astronauts Died
the one Puttkamer wbilld do ri
read, hOwbver.

After a long journey through
the astronaut returns to earth tohis
brains bashed in by humans «ho
dim view' of his achievement
Permanent occupancy of spaces
pulated by Nasa and Puttkamer, ii
longer' the priority. “Who caw
the stars?” WeigandTs humanity
“Our kids are starving."

An Idea of what Professor Frank*
have meant ‘With •hlS|ieffiwi cfl ^
steady improvement. at the top w
veyed solely by scientific writer to
Pfich in i. well-researched W w
Space Utopias: A History of SfW
el in Literature and Art
One leartit at last that ^
to science Action than Jules Vey
Perry khodap (the German SF.P°v
gazine hero). \

, ,feqy ,Rhodan wri!ere ««
op, Jules , .Veme, ip ci den tally.
pothing is Vpme invariably dtq ■
classic SF writer.

4 t

J 1»
/iii

inYolVement with

hft ipcer. who died .at 76 on
M \o London, was dubbed by his-
iQojo Mlmn the devil’s architect.’,
he js dead many attempts will
• to find, a fitting epithet for
architect and : wartime Minister

Production.

$prer., who served. a 20-year pri-
jBtence for his part in, the Nazi
labour programme, is not so easy
ole.

ced at Nuremberg, he spent his
in Spandau gaol yet remained
fie had . always been: one of, the
contradictory public figures of the
Reich.

as neither an ex-serviceman nor
iiof ,the .breed that fought in po-
brawls - in the declining years of
ftimar Republic. .

first got to know Adolf Hitler
30s and was fascinated by
Ftthwr and the opportunities
iquaintanceship opened up for him
pig architect.

dedicated himself to a system
vtiich, 'despite growing doubts, he
no longer escape.

in the .spring of 1945, when the
was on its last legs and Hitler
Germany itself to be laid waste,
panaged to overcome his scruples.

though they may have troubled
ritnii came to crunch he pledged
loyalty to the FUhrer.

Yet for a twofbld reason Albert Spebr
is well worth taking' a closer look at,' and
historians, philosophers, 1 • psychoanalysts
'and any number of publicists 1 have al-
ready dond So. ■ ■' ■ ■■■■ ; i ■

The part he played in the Third Reich
and the Remarkable way id which he
caihe to terms with his past in 1 his me-
iriblrs continue; to provide material for
delving into the darkest’ period' in Ger-
man history.

He was a well-known Mannheim ar-
chitect’s son and thus a member, of the
upper middle, ejass who^cante into con-
tact with the wheels of, power at an early
age.

Speer was in many ways representative
of a German Establishment without
whose support Hitler would have run
out of steam in next to no time, one
imagines.

Ho was one of the young technocrats
who were needed once the purist Nazi
ideologists or speechifying bodyguard-
type Nazis of the early period' were no
longer in demand.

These youngsters were needed to get
the war machine moving or to organise
emergency arrangements on the home
front.

He ami his like were later accused of
having been deeply unpolitical, inter-
changeable and as useful to a democracy
as to a dictatorship.

metropolis

Susanne Pilch also — . ,
L4kwitz>riri H, G. Wells/ ftfJU,
wijy fdf ri reference ' tti write*
haities ’ hart . bdferi 1 forgotten'

Take, ' for Install^

Paul Sfchi^bhtt or" subtle,' W*
mann Harry Schmitz. ’

•Maybe we will begln tb recsfl ^

first SF atoriea dated back te

Greece and Egypt; including the
tion by Lucian of a voyage to
and the; - Satirical utdpifli ' potWP

-tumrUi

tef Stanplaw, Leap,
tiimn. }f m* ij®

•WSteawwr

In whichSP HM' pteentaMJ!
Hovr elM Is dm ) *> ’•"f’r

ty, ( beHind g^r, ,,

The holiday of a lifetime

lor 7.50 Dlifl

Is too much to expect, but that Is alt our
Illustrated guides In glorious colour- costi

Forty pages each 1 , and fifty Impressive ..

colour photos. Let them be your guide
to the world's most Interesting, and
beautiful olties,

’ Prepares for the trip -*• makds ■
lasting memento'

x •

Ij y!.*-"' ‘ ' .......

Handy hints - on excursions,
food, shopping end the weather
^ will save you time and money.

. These unique colour guides are
multilingual (German, English. Spanish).

> r '

p y .. . 2 “ *? v

< r.

:v3 -

. .. . .i\

OMl *

DCiacl.t

FIU In and send to: . ’ .

INTERPR^SS Ubersee-Verlag-QmpH.

SchOne AUsslfcht 23. 2000 Hamburg 74
Tel:: (040)2285226 1

Please send me:

□ NAIROBI

! . J- • • r

□ LIMA.'

□ ;RI0 DE JANEipp
pCAhAC^S ;

Name

Street

i ■’

Town

This, the argument ran, was what
made technocrats so dangerous.

Soon after the war Speer began to
consider what truth there was in such
.allegations. Unlike most of the other
pien, in' tbe 'dock ‘ at Nuremberg, he
pleaded guilty!'

r In ' several books he later outlined the
change he underwent, viewing his past
with a growing sense of detachment and
prompting, incidentally, a variety of re-
sponses. , ..

■ Frankfurt 1 psychoanalyst Alexander
Mitscherlich, a subtle observer of his fel-
low-men, 1 noted in a 1975 article for
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung that:

“In mariy ways' lie (Speer) has an in-
tact Protestant super-ego: The admission
of guilt lie made at Nuremberg and has
made on several occasions since is
couched in extremely general terms and
sounds distinctly pallid.”

Even so, Albert Speer cannot be said
to have been one of the incorrigibles.

One naturally wonders to what extent
Speer deliberately staged his confessions.
In 1975 Carl Am$ry, the writer, a former
concentration camp inmate, called on
him to make atonement in private and
on his own.

His self-recriminations have never
been total. Many were qualified by
unsurersounding statements about how

Albert Spear .. . fai rinatad by the
FUhrer. (Photo: Svan Simon)

’! i

he came to terms with Hitler, for. whom
arcliitecture was long a medium of spe-
cial importance.

The relevant passages in Speeds me-
moirs often read as though someone,
slightly shocked, were viewing hi nisei f
from a definite distance.

Maybe this was the instinctive way in
which he ensured survival. Much of
what he wrote testified to astonishment
at the way in which he fell for Hitler.

It could hardly have committed more
heinous crimes. Goderich Reifenrath

Kun&chau, 3 Sevi«»«Uer 19511

Glorious weather lor 8.50 DM

Is too much to expect, but we can promise you
that with the aid of our climate handbooks you will
be able to travel when the weather suits you bast.

Business and private
travel overseas calls for
careful preparation.

The weather varies ao
wildly that you may *
be In for an %

unpleasant surprise.

i .

These climate handbooks are compiled by

experienced meteorologists and list monthly
statistics for major cities: temperature, rainfall,
rainy daysj humidity and mantlon of speaal ■
features such a$ fog, thunderstorms, whirlwinds,

•' 1 1 ' ahcTbb on. '' - '

■ , , - . | ) i

Reference sections round off the data,
rriaklng the climatological handbooks
comprehenalvs guides every traveller
will head. They lndude 65 oharta and
about 11,000 figures on 80 to 80 pages.

jsm

' CIlmatoWflloafHahdboolcsare /

available lor U.S A/Canada, > V*

Australia Jthd Middle EaSt, .•••*.! ;•> * -

. Latin America, / v*.

. East Asia and Afrlpa- 1 .

ii ' : 1 1 : * ^ -*

I. , Oof ■*>?

THE GERMAN TMBUNB

LITER/*-

-i.V/

ae will never be the same again
the traditional kindergarten

W est German kindergartens have
achieved more in the past 10
years than in the 200 years since the
movement began.

The main reason: a movement called
Khuteri&den, children’s shops.

Children’s shops were established in
1968 on the initiative of student parents.
They turned traditional ideas upside
down and their anti-authoritarian bias
caused widespread controversy.

’ The aim was to bolster q chiles In-
dependence and help him to cope., with
conflicts; by letting him or her choose
what to do.. '

Something of the new approach has
rubbed off on the traditional kindergar-
ten. as a university study now reveals,
Professor Hoist Nickel* of Dtisseldoif
University’s department of educational
psychology, says that the shops are bet-
ter than their reputation suggests and
kindergartens are not as bad as they are
made Out to be. '

Children from both streams are closer
In attitude than is generally assumed.

. In a way,, the study considers, the in-
fluence of the children’s shops on kin-
dergartens has been as favourable as was
that of the "free schools” on the general
school system in the early years of the
20th century. n

, Over $even years the researchers .ob-
served 75 pre-school Institutions, 45
children’s shops and 10 Catholic, 10

-j-EmtffltMvLjkmL. lfL iroumelB?l . kindergar-
tens.

They also ran an opinion survey in-
i volvjng 200 children's shops.

The results of the study, which was
backed by the German Society for Peace-
and Conflict Research, have now been
presented in six volumes (“Studies on,
Teacher and Parent Attitudes,. and the

r.w s «mm

result, many kindergarten teachers teiid
to Include all children in guided group
activities regardless of their individual
inclination. This gives such activities an
“enforced character*

’ - In 1 the 1 'shops, 6h the other hand, chil-
dren arid teachers withdraw lrt to : smaller
rooms to paint, which enables thb tea-
cher to concentrate entirely on<the paint-
ing group. ,

'Children who do not feel like paint-
ing are therefore not constantly told to
b? quiet ; or chided , for disturbing the
others; : and, . by the same token, the
children who want tp paint do not have
to be. told to concentrate. .

. . i ■

- Surprisingly, kindergarten, children, are
much more active ■ in doiqg the prepa-
ratory work for painting (like putting
tables together or getting the necessary
paints and paper from the cupboard^ 1

Since it is the declared aim of the
shops to promote independence and in-
itiative, It would seem natural to expect
exactly, the opposite. . .

But the inconsistency is only appar-
ent. There are many more guided activi-
ties in kindergarten than in shops. This
means that , kindergarten children acquire
:mdTe.rbutmarin>idoing 'sych .-preparatory
work, are better “trained" and therefore
give the impression of being more in-
dependent than their opposite numbers
in the shops where activities are trigger-
ed more on spontaneous impulse.

As a result, life in the shops is less
Vplanned,” more spontaneous and there*

Sm irapre “ iQ " *

• Initiative Croups and Kindergartens”). T? dlsoideibness .

Nickel and his staff say more happens K

• in the shops and the children show

more Initiative. They are socially more w ‘ tl1
active and much more cooperative than mea

in traditional kindergartens. T

The edge the shops have over kinder- ■ at 1
gartens begins with space and its divi- ***?
. sion:, apart from group rooms, they fre- no ^

, quently have several additional small P eti

rooms. The area set aside for play is B
twice as large per child as In kindergar- do
ten! ( nlsh

I In addition, the furnishings are mosily, '

1 more Intimate (intended for one group -

• only) and the groups are smaller (17' as a
against 27 in the kindergarten). The tea-' v
cher-cliildren ratio is also better in the WOr

. shops. This means that shop teachers s h 0
, are in s better position to devote atten- T

• tion to parts of groups. ' . : ' [

They can stimulate the children and . J
deal with individual needs. And since :• ■

i the $hops are more Spacious the teaollets
tend to be more satisfied with their he v
. work. This in turn benefits the children. *

' The Dllsseldorf researchers observed
and analysed how these differences af- J/ “
feet such typical kindergarten activities “ 8
as painting and handicrafts/ J™

• They noted how the children were an ?
; guided; whether a : child- .was; made to, a f te

join .in activities agAinst its wljl; and- '■ pj
how the teachers cope with such a child, f :

In . kindergartens, the children' J who ! A

a certain “dlsorderliness".

Kindergarten teachers frequently ad-
monish the children to paint “neatly)’
wlthput telling them what exactly they
mean. T

This attitude is much more Infrequent
at the shops. And this, the DUsseldorf
researchers say, reflects the more pro-
nounced rejection by the shops of com-
petition «s an educational principle. '

But this does not mean that the shops
do entirely without instruction, admo'-
nlshment and don’ts, thus forgoing aii-

, A h estimated. 300,000 children in thb

Federal 1 Republid df Germany are
working when the law' says they
shouldn’t be,

, The laws are stringent, but aren’t able
to halt exploitation.

' A common result of child labour is
neglected education and sometimes ill
health./ J

A typical example la that of a 12-yeaf-
old who developed problems at schooj.
When his teacher talked to the parents
in an effort to And out if anything wds
wrong, they proudly announced that tlS
boy delivered bread early in the momlnfe

and helped out. at a : petrol station in thfe
afternoon. • i

He was, in fact,, working sminG-Jhoiir

*#■' - r Vi 1' ' Ml, *

. A North Rhinc^WOs tphalia business-

tviOli _ _1 « . . . -

thoritarian guidance altogether - as has
frequently. :been assumed, i
: The children’s ^hops have always . held
that discipline is necessary but .that. it
must be based on rules and alms that
tye children understand. As a result, the
shops idraw ho clear, and permanent line
between the rules that are necessary to
make a comrhurtity function and the
need for the free development of the
individual. 1 /' . ' .J

Such rules are reviewed constantly ' in
thelight Of new situations and, if neces-
sary, changed.

- The tediousness and difficulty here Is
borne out by the many heated discus-
sions on this very subject in parent-tea-
cher meetings. But. the reward is a hap-
py and well balanced , group of children
. who enjoy themselves., ;

Shops make an all-out effort' to do
justice to the individual child — but not
at any cost.

The idea is to take everybody into ac-
count: children, teachers and parents.

The more friendly and understanding
type of teacher who goes along with the
feelings and sentiments of the children
is therefore more frequently found in
the shops than in kindergartens.

But this type of teacher is less Inte-
rested in developing abilities the child
will need at school. Typical pre-school
work is therefore done less frequently
.than under other teachers/ •

Despite the differences ’ between the
two types of pre-schooling, the resear-
chers give generally good marks to the
; teachers in both. In fact, the authoritari-
: an and totally detached type of teacher
has virtually disappeared. .

5 The researchers divide the teachers
• into roughly three categories. The first Is
! the encouraging and. stimulating teacher
who spontaneously responds to the emo-
: tions of the' children and helps each one
i individually in such activities as pain t-
' ing, cooking^ handicrafts, etc."

The second type is more detached : aild
.* not exactly encouraging. Me resorts to
j dos, don’ts and admonishments, and tries
! to guid6 rather than stimulate. He rarely
j addresses the children personally though
; lie does lend a helping hand ort occa-
; sion.The third category Is neither un-
{ friendly nor particularly outgoing. He
i does little to promote initiative in the

Exploitation of
child

making them clean the shojf aiid do
other minor tasks without pay. .

20 September 1981 -No,

individual and barely attempts bii
ence a child’s behaviour. Ho Israeli
instructions , and there aie.fa»Jj
impulses coming- from him.' He Si
tually no relationship with the ]£§
child. Though the researchers in (T
tijree types are found in the (3
types of pre-school institutions, [3
type is clearly more frequently f J
the shops and the third is more y
be found iq kindergartens.' J
One of the observation rriade J
course of thb survey Is rather ihf

It transpired that the attitudes oJI
dten and teachers in cases of J
were markedly at odds with ' the J
tional concepts. ]

This, means that ^prouAal
other Words, solutions without vm
loser were in the minority. The m
frequently resolved their conflict]
selves, resortihg 1 to aggrisske "nil
and it was mostly the iiltiudpl
gallned the upper hand. Other cH
tended to withdraw from fhe'cerfl
together or not get involved' ihSl
place: ■ . I

The family remains 1 an importml
tor In a child’s development; ud I
the shops have another edge ow J
tional kindergartens: inasmuch si
parents are much more involved i!
organisation and educational prinl
than is the case with indergarteu I
But the study also found till I
practical involvement was dhriold
and that the teachers have bead
more and more say in . the day-kl
running of the shop. j

There are conspicuous differeuM
the way In which parents deal #i
children’s conflicts. Those who I
their children to a kindergarten tal
smooth over disputes on tlie sutfre
ther than go into them ip any m
Their attitude is:' Well. it 1 Wasn't re
bad, was it? They are also ntwjl
authoritarian towards their cMl
when conflicts arise. . .

Parents who send their diU® 1 !
shops; on the other hand, are mow 8
critical and their attitude towards I
children is more partner-! Ike. Tf*5 (
also warmer towards their chflotes
take them more seriously. Unlike
dergarten parents, they do not w J
own upbringing as a yardstick . for q
children.

Kindergarten mothers are nwrej
to stress their authority when » J
,to family matters, while shop W
consider both house and fantlflM 1
and outside Involvement a WPwj
both' parents. toq&lMffl
,. Deiii$ch6r FortdW*
(Dflutwhe Ainimahwj^

wHe also called on She c ? urts .J
pose stiff penalties rather than J®]
fenders as if theyhad commJttwn
(ferttedrioUh Wllkiri dbMtods 8
on child labour. Af.
some excejptions provfd^l l^^^

• Children from

onward may! be ernployM^U AflK

• From the age of ^ M|

j after the probatiqriqty : : M , bq .

i had no intention of honouring th$ pr<p n ,

: mise. ‘ Pr j-

The tnck worked several times until
> the authorities 'caUght : him. lJ ,l ,J » ‘ f i
There are many such cases on record
1 with the Society 1 for' the Protection of >
. Children in Hanover.

| The Society’s administrator, Walter
; Wilken, has called on the authorities to .

t • i* '

nainf nm hctibIIw tw ■ ■ ”.r jne aocieiys aamimsiraror, wauer

i SIX / "’ M , came u p wth « clever soteme:. He ( Wilken, ban called on the authorities to

.. lowed .«« .qr..th* (nMnaj. b*^ ? • ;

noutt,*

• They 1 • may, .act •

being ^ part qf the Eonre
in * , thdm is regarded as hPU?*"

IV I I A nl_..jul nn nndljl.

Continued on

,»1W] ■ f *

[mraSiiii

TOn fP?TT?i

•1

TF: ;

. ] • » ™

1 y* v jg y sycSy *iB J

i\l K lllllll 111 ..,, (j

Y t+X A ?t|P ; | -;j * ' 'j ^ 1

Ill *

££ I &

| I

iiilS

;: l v ' U A ? ; li 5 y.

ili44iiif!

j i

1 . : ’*x +: >:■ ?>■ ' ** .A' . .1

tm «

ill h

U- \ A*vm 4

i ) \ r IliC^

\ /

I : r l; >, -O %

+A :'*• •••:'; . • x';T : : : r ~

M. iMM ■

^ H.s 4 - V ' > :>■■ f -J ™

■' mm**

1 r>' v . r , . - ■ V, „

[■:**•■* •i-' - • tl-*’ *. tlr

■U'f **

, r

. j 'j'' • •• t • • ..... .

:■ +-'v

i.i

(if r r. 11'
3:fV. mmm

WBUpm*. ,

+/: j

tMmm

mxm :

liiil

t|jp

Oy j*' $

L.J m uMpkl

iifv ¥< MAUWZwmil

VI - i 'I : ^ r : -J

Mkfii

LITER/

4404/3

and anoiucr ...

A lcohol consumption in the Federal
Republic of Ge/many Is Browing
fast. Last.year, 1 2.7. litres of pure alcohol
was consumed per head — and that
figure is averaged out over the non*
drinkers like teetotallers and children.

In 1950' the figure was only 3.27
litres.

There are now tu many alcoholics in
the country as diabetics — between 2
and 3 per cent of the population, be*
tween 15 and 1£ million people.

A lot of the increase is due to women.
They now drink almost as much as men.

It is a trend, similar to cigarette smo-
king, where women are becoming more
and more like men in habit.

Women from what arc called the
upper social strata are especially prone. :

Professor Wilhelm-Feuerlein of the Max
Planck Institute for Psychiatry in Munich
says tliis because these women
have either too much or too little work
to do.

They don’t drink socially, but only
because they want to feel the effects of
the alcohol as a way of solving prob*
lems. What happens, of course, la that
problems only get worse.

— i &iB5Mso-hft'¥-phyhletfl'fefffeet if too

much is consumed.

It has now been established that,
given a daily consumption of 20
gram for a woman and 60 grams for a man,
health Is likely to suffer.

The significance of this does not be-
come obvious until one converts
grams into tots or glasses. Thus, for
instance, the tolerance level for women
of 20 grams of pure alcohol Is reach*
ed with two tots of brandy, two-and-a-
half tots of fruit-based schnapps or half
a (0.7 litre) bottle of table wine; a 0.5-
litre bottle of strong beer contains 21
grams of pure alcohol and a bottle of
champagne 70 grams.

The public frequently pooh-poohs or
suppresses the problem of alcoholism.
This is partly due to the fact that many
jobs hinge on alcohol in one form or
another, as in the beer industry, In viti-
culture and in the catering industry.

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

20 September 1981 - No. iiJiM5*^) September 1981

THE GERMAN TRIBUNE

The state, top, makes money on alco-
hol through taxes. And people who
shape public opfnlonss, such as jounal-
ists and TV personalities, are frequently
sound drinkers themselves; and even
doctors frequently tend to drink heavily
and therefore suppress or minimise the
problem.

The public’s suppression mechanism
have also influenced the image of the
typical alcoholic.

The World Health Organisation
(WHO) defines the alcoholic as an “ex-
cessive drinker whose dependence on al-
cohol has reached a degree where it im-
pairs the mental processes and physical
and mental health, affecting person-to-
person relations and interfering with a
person's social and economic functions.”

Apart from the proven detrimental ef-
fects of alcohol on the liver, researchers
have found additional damage.

It has for some time been known, for
Instance, that alcohol promotes the
transformation of potentially carcinoge-
nic agents. This makes it obvious that
simultaneous consumption of alcohol
and smoking increase the risk of lung
cancer.

The functioning of male sex organs
can also be impaired by alcohol, which
can lead to a loss of libido, reduced fer-
tility and a gradual feminisation of se-
condary sex organs. Sperm secretion can
also be adversely affected.

Professor Feuerlein calls for higher
taxes on all alcohol — and not only on
spirits and champagne. Beer and wine,
he maintains, should be taxed according
to their alcohol content.

“The tax should be liigh enough to
make alcoholic beverages considerably
more expensive and thus reduce con-
sumption. Denmark, Canada and a
number of other countries have proved
that this is feasible”

According to recent findings, virtually
all disorders due to alcohol can be cured
or greatly improved by total abstinence.

Ladislaus Kuthy

(Frankfurter Rundscliau, 5 September 1981)

The bitter side of the
pill: side effects

two metres still aim

T he pill, wliich is still the most reliable
contraceptive, can cause side effects,
especially to skin and hair.

Some side effects are harmless but
others are dangerous, Professor Hansotto
Zaun, medical director of the Hamburg
University Hospital, told a therapy con-
gress in Karlsruhe.

In secreting fat and sweat or forming
pigments and growing hair, the skin Is
subject to the steering mechanisms of sex
hormones.

If these mechanisms are impaired by
additional hormones (like the synthetic
onis contained in the pill) the skin, a
vital organ, reacts with alarm signals.

Pill-induced changes and . decoloura-
tions of the skin resemble those some
women experience just prior to giving
birth.

Thus, for instance, the facial skin
f rcqucntly darkens due to increased
deposits of the pigment melanin. This
occurs in one out of five women who are
on the pill.

This darkening of the skin lias no
pathological significance. Yet, many
women are so disturbed by it that they
prefer to discontinue the pill.

These skin blemishes are attributed to
the synthetic hormones oestrogen and
gestagen, though it is still unknown how
they interact with bodily functions.

But dosage and duration of the hor-
mone intake can be clearly determined
from the conditions of the skin and the
hair, regardless of the type of hormone
used.

Such side effects as inflammation of
the veins, for instance, diminished by
one-quarter after the oestrogen content of
the pill was reduced.

Most gestagens used in oral contracep-

Exploitation of child labour

Continued from page 12 1

means that the law equates drying
dishes with mucking out a stable.

This month the Federal Institute for
Labour Protection and Accident Re-
search organises a show on “Child La-
bour Today and in the Past”.

The show will deal, among other
things, with the question whether com-

- i
.i

ORDER FORM

I/We hereby subscribe to THE GERMAN TRIBUNE until further notice at the
following rates (postage Included):

Six months Deutsche Marks 18.00

Twe Ive months Deutsche Marks 35.00

(Underline whatever applicable)

Messrs /Mr /Mrs /Miss

Name

Profession

* * • v i

Street

city

Country

1 1 11 ,B

ZFpCode

I •■■••ill

please return the completed order form to:

■ « P?* QE ? MA F - FRIEDRICH REINECKE VERLAG GMBH

23 Schfine Ausalcht , D-2000 Hamburg 76 • Federal Republic of Germany

petitive sport is to be seen in the same
light as work in advertising or on the
family farm.

Gemot Krankenhagen, the organisor
of the show to be presented in Dort-
mund, has a clear answer to this ques-
tion: Yes.

As a result, he wants something done
about it. In addition, adults are to be
told of the dangers of child labour and
the stress that goes with it .

Though Krankenhagen admits that
things have improved and that no child
has to work eight hours oil a factory
floor, as happened in the 1920s, he
stresses that the known violations of
child labour laws are only the tip of tlie
iceberg.

It will never be known how many
children do piecework at home. But as
some 300,000 people do such work,
ranging from shrimp peeling In the
north to wood carving in Bavaria, it Is
likely that many children are involved. 1

, Urge families And low incomes are
still one of the main reasons for child
labour, says Wilken. '

But the North Rhine- Westphalia La-
bour Ministry differs with this interpre-
tation, saying that the social security sys-
tem is "so good that no child has to
work to support the 1 family - Unless the
family Wants a new colour TV oraste-

160 Rainer Strang

. (RhelrtUche Post, 3 September 1981)

tives. are derivatives of the malt
hormone 19-nor-testosteron.
These substances have a maacuto

of high jumper Ulrike

J^y west German win an event In

effect. They can cause acne amfl^ Cup fiwfli ,n wa ^ U! lri il "

growth of body hair or sometime? c<9arfld V. 90 . m ' c ' rBI t0
ness. B fbrlilflh Jump record.

Professor Zaun suggested that Jh Meyfarth , has always been
were not only harmless side efltdXjJ and shoulders above the rest,
the pill. Others are acutely dangenwfcmrten she towered over the
One of these is livedo racemoa,i^ nOT f, at 25, she is 1.88 metres,
shaped, blue discolouration of the

caused by inflamed arteries, Theflliright of the high jump bar has
tion is aggravated by heavy ai 0 f a problem In her life than
when it can damage the blood veseL he igh t “At times ! really had a
the brain and even cause a stroke! about It,” she says,
disorder must be taken seriously t§ height particularly embarrassed

of a problem In her life than
b height “At times I really had a
B about If she says.

! • eight particularly embarrassed
my mother wondered, with a
[ despair, how I would ever get
yself a husband.”
i now has two men in her life.
ier boy friend. She lives with
Cologne. He is a ^ sports teacher
able to help her in her sporting

ther is her coach, Gerd Rosen-
i trainer who coached track star
tosendahl to stardom. For the

take. years he has helped to shape

(KOlner Stadl-Anzeiger, care ®f* . ,

■sally,” she says, thinking back to
Tj • « • AV Sihen she won the Olympic high

J\1S6 1H minor medal at 16, “we were all ex-

j i lilt do too much in those days."

mental In September 1972, with the child-
i • . -a f Ktihat is the privilege of a teens-

disturbances I

T hree per cent of the world's pjT

tion have psychological prtjLfl 25$Q0^t&ns t cheering^ him
serious enough to need treatment *^lane from the grandstand of the
ding to World Health Olympic regatta course, Peter-

figurcs. Kolbe from Hamburg won his

In the Federal Republic of wjjjliiidd championship title in the
one person in every lOwhosemwWiaHj,

suffers from depression. . 1 the 28-year-old Hamburg oars-
These were some of the sW^litaliiig performance stood out In
emerge from a therapy congrea in ^TWrast from the mediocrity of
ruhe. . jfat German team as a whole, who

Berlin psychiatrist Hanfried ‘ptr* ground hit rock bottom,
said it was not known if the era* three West German boats qua-
figure reflected the fact that in the finals: Kolbe in the single
there are more people with psycwjl the double fours combination
problems or simply that more P^tiqelheim and Ulm and the eights,

ger, she not only won Olyxnpio gold at
Munich but also set a new .world record
of 1.92 metres.

All Germany watched hej on the TV
screen and held its breath until her Fos-
bury flop was crowned with success. But
it was not long before she had to face
failure. ...

She had .trouble clearing; 1J80 metres..
Officials, coaches and fans were at a loss
to account for her abysmal form. She
failed to recover from a fractured foot
and a spell of bad luck.

"At one stage," she recalls, "I was
even turfed out of the national squad
and no longer qualified for a Sports Aid
Foundation grant"

Four years after Munich she failed to
qualify for the preliminary heats in
Montreal and came a cropper in private
life.

She failed to qualify for enrolment at
the Sports Academy in Cologne. Olympic
gold and top marks in sport were not
enough for a university career, shB was
told.

But now she is jumping higher than
ever before. "I’ve grown faster," she says,
adding after a while “and more mature,
more experienced, more disciplined. And
more secure.”

It was Rosenberg, her coach, who gave
her this security. "Women need a stea-

fjr *

dying influence,”
she says, “and now
I feel, I get on fine
with him. He knows
me well too.” Her
now coach gave her
fresh pleasure from
her athletics and be-
tween : them they
gave it another try.

She feels that the Mu-
nich Olympics were
a childhood' 1 experi-
ence. Athletics then
was a compensation

because she was not
a great hit with boy a.

Now she has out-
grown that. She has

learnt. At the aca-
demy She came to realise that She was able
to emerge from spells of depression stron-
ger each time.

And she reckons her good seasons
have been at intervals of three yean. She
jumped well in 1972, 1975, 1978 and
1981.

“Mentally too," she says, "everything
has to be just right for an athlete, and It is
much more important for women than for
men.”

She should know, having been
through ups and downs in sport for the
past nine yean. This season she has
been the most consistent woman high
jumper in the world.

“I know any number of people who
have retired before their time,” she says.
More attention should be paid to girls of
14 to 18, who are particularly likely to
quit athletics.

These are her words of advice to ama-
teur athletics officials, and she Intends

Ulrike Meyfarth. . .a complex no more, (Photoi dpt)

is able to delve more deeply into the subject
atron- herself too.

She is working on a Cologne thesis
easons entitled Motivating and Training Young
a. She People Approaching Adulthood ,

8 and Again, she should know. She should
be able to tell a tale or two on the
ything strength of her personal experience,
ndltis she has no plans to retire yet. “Sport
ian ^ or gives me self-assurance," she admits,
“and you never know whether you
. be ? n might not be able to improve a little
:or ! he more on your personal best"
re has she would obviously love to dear two
i high metres, no matter how much hard work
, . it may entail, and as World Cup winner

le who at Rome she ^ f w i muc h mow sure

W of herself. , t

d? 8 ° f Indeed, she may find It easier to jump
kely to tyyg metres than to retire from athletics

u ^en the time comes. Wdf conthner
to ama-

ln tends (Stuttgartor Zaltunf , 1 Saptimbar 1*81)

ft 25$Q&^fuis > cheering L him
tone from the grandstand of the
i Olympic regatta course, Peter-
d Kolbe from Hamburg won his
arid championship title in the
mils.

’the 28-year-old Hamburg oars-
iHerilng performance stood out In
ttntrast from the mediocrity of
fat German team as a whole, who
M ground hit rock bottom.

& three West German boats qua-
the finals: Kolbe in the single
(the double fours combination

going to doctors. ,

He said that there are no exact s

tics on the subject. •

Helchen, who is in charge oMU
lin Free University Psychiatric’ll®
says there are indirect indication
growing number of psychological

wi to be an odds-on favourite for
they were coached by the late
ram In Ratzeburg.

Houble fours were reckoned a safe
• silver this time, but finished
Jpowibly more to their own cha-
ff 11 to anyone else’s.

ders. . xjj* the eights, they came a disap-

He deduces this ftom the nunffjlq fifth, which was below form
drug and. narcotlos addicts, tne one bears In ntfnd that ,two
older people among them ^ he substituted dnd *ttob more

ficulariy prone to depressions) Tvl^cring from fever,
fact that the modem way of JMMi performed bastion th&'day
to the dismantling of social and "li the finals when, in what must

Kolbe takes world single sculls
title in nerves-of-steel race

15 years, it was his oarsmen’s worst So he held Ms fire, and the noise <
showing yet He was unusually harsh hi the starter’s pistol was blowing in tl
UscritilbS . . wind before he got off to a cauboi

“We have all made mistakes,” he said, start
"We shall have to analyse them. The The headwind made the water cho;
failure of coaching staff and oarsmen is p y f which was far from ideal for his ne
8ur e to have consequences. boat, with its fixed seat and moving oi

“Not enough work has been put in rigger design, because It has no wai
this year, and certainly not the right board to keep the waves at bay.
work. The only exceptions have been ^ Reiche from Potsdam

Kolbe, the eights and the double fours the GDR mado the initial running, b
- In that ordpr” • . . Kolbe had beaten Reiche twice befo

Kolbe showed nerves of steel when he fa the 197 g ^d 1979 world champlo

was warned by the starter for s hips.

up in his lane, which is prohibited. If he . Rolbe >, y^w skiff steadily gain
had then been faulted for Jumping^ the ■ ndj p lai gjrfig through the Water

gun, it would have been curtains. . f wore p U u e d on a piece of strir

fact that the modem way or 1
to the dismantling of social and
relations.

Tranquilisers, he told the cwr

ranged among the most
K/riheri Hmea .Sales tO Oldpsrejr

I MB IF ■ — *

°ne of the most toe-biting
eights were level-pegging
»metrei left

scribed dnigs. ; Sales to ° ut ^! |W F Wt scraped home to qualify for
drugs amounted to about ; fU, but that was about it Even so,

1 979. . . • ’

. He criticised the prescription*. '"!]

minor reasons as examination jit J ■ a

A Sfwiss-based Commits®
ventiori and Therapy of DeORjg
how. trying to compile
disorder and promote treatm®n_.

The congress, itt®WW
10,000 doctors, debit with *
of subjeds, among
genetic counselling ***d
therapy, of Cardiovascular TS

J Jjftor than the other German
^Mch failed miserably, virtually
S to fon towel long before the
Jwlr respective heats,
rjjt mall order magnate Josef
Olympic dressage gold
ZS- ^ head of the Sports Aid
Shattered.

L .absolutely scandalous when
S ^ not fight uqtil tfae finish in

So he held Ms fire, and the noise of
the starter’s pistol was blowing in the
wind before he got off to a cautious

start

The headwind made the water chop-
py, wMch was far from ideal for Ms new
boat, with its fixed seat and moving out-
rigger design, because It has no wash-
board to keep the waves at bay.

So Rtidiger Reiche from Potsdam in
the GDR made the initial running, but
Kolbe had beaten Reiche twice before
in the 1978 and 1979 world champion-
ships.

• Kolbe** yellow skiff steadily gained
ground, ploughing through the Water as
if were being pulled on a piece of string.

He had drawn level with Reiche after
a me«.: ; 300 metres, and by. 500 metre*
he wdtf $eatiy leading the field.

But he chose to err on the side of
caution rather than fade as he had done
in the finals at Montreal five years be*

■ fore. • . i

Kolbe has grown older, wiser and
more level-headed. He preferred to con*
serve every last ounce of energy it was
not essential to give- - _■

r ’ He .kept ah W,® n V Ra ^ SS

limited, himself to i f « despairing bi ds
to shorten the distance brtween^riion
mid eventually had , to pffliCOTt«te on

: : JUto

rti*

chance.

United State*
P;®p«aed

BaiUieu of Britain. Ibaaxa 0 ! Argentina
and Alexander of New Zealand.

Despite the 25,000 Munich fans and
their vocal support Kolbe preferred not
to risk a spectacular finish and remained
very much his old self.

But when Thomas Keller, president of
the International Rowing Federation,
presented Mm with the gold medal Ms
eyes welled with tears of joy nonethe-
less.

He had shown himself for the fourth
time to be the world's best single sculls
man, first In the 1973 European Open
championships, then In tho 1975 and
1978 world championships.

Officials were meanwhile debating
whether his new boat design ought not
to be banned It was, some argued, a
further technical perfection to the de-
trfment of poorer member-countries df
the international body. • iL

Maybe it was Just sour grapes. Kolbe
himself said: The Ides is a century old
but nothing has been done about the
design in the part because It has always

had technical shortcomings.

“So why should my boat be banned?

It works and is no more expensive than

a conventional model.”

What about his retirement plans? He
is undecided: "After major races In the
part I have been a little overhasty In
saying I was going to retire.

’'This time 1 am saying nothing. HI
think it over."

So he should; there is still one trophy
missing in Ms collection: an Olympic
gold medal that would ensure him a
place In the oarsmen's hall of fame.

In the Munich world championships
Kolbe looked so good that at Los An-
geles in three years’ time, when he will
be 31, he might well make his dream of
Olympic gold come true.

Mtfdtz voit Gnddeefc
ObaWifW Ml, 7 ****** IMO

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "German Tribune Supplement , 1981, Germany, English"

See other formats